Experimental trials to assess the immune modulatory influence of thyme and ginseng oil on NDV-vaccinated broiler chickens.

Background: The use of traditional medicine against viral diseases in animal production has been practiced worldwide. Herbal extracts possess organic substances that would improve chicken body performance.

Aim: The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of either thyme or ginseng oil in regard to their immune-modulatory, antiviral, and growth promoter properties.

Mycoplasmosis in Poultry: An Evaluation of Diagnostic Schemes and Molecular Analysis of Egyptian Strains.

Infections with (MG) in poultry are associated with a wide range of disease conditions, including those affecting the respiratory and reproductive systems. The purpose of this study was to endorse the more sensitive diagnostic scheme for MG infection and identify the best molecular marker for MG phylogenetic analysis using six housekeeping genes: , , , , and . For these purposes, 55 poultry flocks of different species were screened using either qRT-PCR or PCR techniques analogous to conventional culturing from non-cultured and cultured swabs on PPLO broth.

Evaluation of the immuno-stimulatory effect of aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract against highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) in experimental chickens.

The recently detected clade 2.3.4.

The protection conferred against virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) genotype VII by commercial double recombinant HVT vaccines and NDV live-attenuated vaccine as prime/boost vaccination regimens in commercial broiler chickens carrying maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) against NDV.

Vaccines against vNDV are readily available and potentially protective; nevertheless, improved vaccination protocols are required to prevent clinical disease and discontinue the spread of the virus. This study assessed the effectiveness of two commercial recombinant herpesvirus of turkey vector vaccines (rHVT-NDV-IBDV) that express the fusion (F) protein of NDV and the virus protein 2 (VP2) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In commercial broilers with maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) the efficacy of the rHVT-NDV-IBDV vaccines was evaluated when administered alone, in combination with live-attenuated NDV vaccine at one-day-old, or as part of a prime/boost strategy.

Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Prevalence in Poultry and Wild Birds in Egypt.

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype VII is a highly pathogenic that has caused multiple outbreaks among poultry in Egypt since 2011. This study aimed to observe the prevalence and genetic diversity of NDV prevailing in domestic and wild birds in Egyptian governorates. A total of 37 oropharyngeal swabs from wild birds and 101 swabs from domestic bird flocks including chickens, ducks, turkeys, and pelicans, were collected from different geographic regions within 13 governorates during 2019-2020.

Efficiency performance and safety evaluation of the responsibility-sensitive safety in freeway car-following scenarios using automated longitudinal controls.

The Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) model was proposed by Mobileye as a mathematical model that defines the real-time safety distance that the automated vehicle (AV) needs to maintain from surrounding vehicles. However, RSS strategy tends to be overly conservative. This research made modifications to the RSS safe distance to reduce its conservativeness without affecting safety, and evaluated the modified (RSS_X) and original RSS (RSS_O) in freeway car-following scenarios extracted from the Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study (SH-NDS).

Operational design domain of automated vehicles for crossing maneuvers at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

The departure sight triangle provides the view for the vehicle waiting to cross at the two-way stop-controlled intersection. The factors influencing the sight triangle for human drivers are considered in the 2018 AASHTO Green Book, but the Green Book lacks quantitative estimations for automated vehicles (AVs). Therefore, to guarantee the AV's operational safety, this study investigated the impact of intersection angle, speed, and crossing distance on the AV's intersection crossing maneuver.

Asymmetry of Regional Phase Synchrony Cortical Networks Under Cognitive Alertness and Vigilance Decrement States.

This study investigates intra-regional connectivity and regional hemispheric asymmetry under two vigilance states: alertness and vigilance decrement. The vigilance states were induced on nine healthy subjects while performing 30 min in-congruent Stroop color-word task (I-SCWT). We measured brain activity using Electroencephalography (EEG) signals with 64-channels.

Computer-aided identification of degenerative neuromuscular diseases based on gait dynamics and ensemble decision tree classifiers.

This study proposes a reliable computer-aided framework to identify gait fluctuations associated with a wide range of degenerative neuromuscular disease (DNDs) and health conditions. Investigated DNDs included amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). We further performed a statistical and classification comparison elucidating the discriminative capability of different gait signals, including vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), stride duration, stance duration, and swing duration.

Recognition of pulmonary diseases from lung sounds using convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory.

Unlabelled: In this paper, a study is conducted to explore the ability of deep learning in recognizing pulmonary diseases from electronically recorded lung sounds. The selected data-set included a total of 103 patients obtained from locally recorded stethoscope lung sounds acquired at King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan. In addition, 110 patients data were added to the data-set from the Int.

Effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid on the development of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic rats: regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-oxidative activation.

There are good evidences suggesting that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can be one of the contributing factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) in alleviating the ER stress, and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with 4-PBA, increased the antioxidant capacity, reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, organised the state of apoptosis and regulated the ER stress - oxidative activation in retinal tissue.

Different kinetics of chicken interferon-alpha signalling transduction responses following immunization of broiler chickens with different Newcastle disease virus vaccines and infection with virulent genotype VIId strain.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious and notifiable avian disease leading to grave economic losses in the poultry industry. Although the immune responses against NDV have been widely investigated, little is known regarding the virus interaction with the host innate immune responses. In this study, we tested the effect of different commercially applied Newcastle disease vaccines as well as virulent NDV genotype VIId on the expression pattern of the upstream regulator and downstream effector genes related to chicken interferon-alpha (chIFNα) signalling transduction pathway.

Comparative study on dynamic and immunopathology of four intermediate-plus infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines in commercial broiler chickens.

Introduction: The selection of the right IBD control strategy is primarily based on the choice of the appropriate vaccine strain. High maternal IBD-specific antibodies (Abs) compete with the efficacy IBD vaccine, which necessitates the application of intermediate-plus vaccine strain.

Methods: A comparative experimental study was designed for evaluation of four different commercially available intermediate-plus IBD vaccines in commercial broilers before complete weaning of IBD-specific maternal Abs.

In vitro and in vivo experimental trials to assess the modulatory influence of β-caryophyllene on NDV replication and immunopathogenesis.

A trial was conducted to evaluate the antiviral activity and immunomodulatory effect of B-Caryophyllene (BCP) using NDV as a viral model. First, an in ovo experiment was conducted to estimate the antiviral mechanism of BCP. Next, an in vivo experiment was designed to confirm its antiviral efficacy as well as its immunomodulatory and growth promoting ability.

Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Semantic Vigilance and Enhanced Mental States.

In this paper, we present a method to quantify the coupling between brain regions under vigilance and enhanced mental states by utilizing partial directed coherence (PDC) and graph theory analysis (GTA). The vigilance state is induced using a modified version of stroop color-word task (SCWT) while the enhancement state is based on audio stimulation with a pure tone of 250 Hz. The audio stimulation was presented to the right and left ears simultaneously for one-hour while participants perform the SCWT.

Influence of Marek's disease virus vaccines on chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-dependent-type I interferon signal transduction pathway with a highlight on their secondary impact on the immune responses post Newcastle disease virus vaccination.

Marek's disease virus (MDV) leads to a lytic infection of B-lymphocytes in chickens, and also latently infects T-lymphocytes. Although Marek's disease vaccines have been widely in use, little is known about the innate immune response of this important livestock vaccine. In this study, we tested the effect of different commercially applied Marek's disease vaccines on the expression pattern of selected genes related to chicken interferon-alpha (chIFN-α) (melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 "MDA5″ dependent) signal transduction pathway.

Immune-Modulatory Changes After Transplantation Therapy of Insulin Producing Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly Human Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Diabetes Induced Rats.

Diabetes Mellitus (D.M.) is a disease with a high and increasing prevalence.

Insights into pathological and molecular characterization of avipoxviruses circulating in Egypt.

1. Avipoxvirus (APV) infections are one of many threats inflicting economic losses within the poultry industry, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. A proper and comprehensive study for APVs is needed to increase the knowledge concerning the diversity and evolution of the virus.

Ursodeoxycholic acid suppresses the formation of fructose/streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on fructose/streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats. The diabetic model (DM) was induced through the administration of 10% fructose in drinking water for 2 weeks followed by streptozotocin injection (intraperitoneal). One week later, hyperglycemia was assisted and diabetic animals were treated with UDCA either as local eye drops (0.

Effectiveness of different avian influenza (H5) vaccination regimens in layer chickens on the humoral immune response and interferon-alpha signalling immune marker.

Avian influenza (AI) vaccines are widely used to control and eliminate the ongoing avian influenza virus epidemic in Egypt. A strict vaccination policy with inactivated AI vaccines has been widely applied, however the virus still circulating, evolving and causing great negative impact to the poultry sector in Egypt. Therefore, an updated poultry vaccination policy using different vaccine technologies might be valuable as an innovative additional control strategy of AIV in Egypt.

Association of Interleukin-8 Gene Polymorphisms and Expression with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma?(HCC) is one of the most common cancer in Egypt. Interleukin-8 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (-251 and +781 SNPs) are proposed genes for cancer susceptibility. Our aim was to evaluate the association of these two IL-8 SNPs polymorphisms and IL-8 gene expression with HCC in Egyptian patients with liver cirrhosis.

Refinement of Intraocular Pressure Measurements made by Ocular Response Analyzer following Laser in Situ Keratomileusis using M2 90 Moria Microkeratome for Egyptian Myopic and Astigmatic Patients.

Introduction: The Goldmann applanation tonometer readings were noted to be markedly reduced after Lasik surgery using a thin flap technique which is widely used nowadays, to correct a wide range of myopia and astigmatism. The Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) is considered one of the important tools for refinement of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurements. The aim of this study is to evaluate and refine ORA measurements for IOP changes post- M2 90 Moria microkeratome Lasik procedure for Egyptian myopic and astigmatic patients trying to aid in glaucoma diagnosis and management.

Giardia Assemblages A and B in Diarrheic Patients: A Comparative Study in Egyptian Children and Adults.

Giardia duodenalis is considered the most common intestinal parasite in humans worldwide. Children are especially affected, with more severe consequences than adults. The present study was designed to determine the distribution of assemblages A and B Giardia infection in children and adults, with the use of light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) as diagnostic procedures, and to investigate its associations with clinical and epidemiological data collected from children and adult groups.

Positive regulation of humoral and innate immune responses induced by inactivated Avian Influenza Virus vaccine in broiler chickens.

Avian Influenza (AI) vaccines are widely used for mammals and birds in a trial to eliminate the Avian Influenza virus (AIV) infection from the world. However and up till now the virus is still existed via modulation of its antigenic structure to evade the pressure of host immune responses. For a complete understanding of the immune responses following AI vaccination in chickens, the modulations of the chickens humoral immune responses and interferon-alpha signaling pathway, as a fundamental part of the innate immune responses, were investigated.