Changes in ocular flora in eyes exposed to ophthalmic antibiotics.

Purpose: To determine changes in ocular flora in individuals repeatedly exposed to topical macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Design: Prospective, controlled, longitudinal study with 1-year follow-up.

Participants: Forty-eight eyes of 24 patients undergoing serial unilateral intravitreal injection for choroidal neovascularization.

Antimicrobial resistance and ophthalmic antibiotics: 1-year results of a longitudinal controlled study of patients undergoing intravitreal injections.

Objective: To determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of conjunctival flora from patients undergoing intraocular injection for choroidal neovascularization after repeated exposure to ophthalmic antibiotics.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled, longitudinal study of 48 eyes of 24 patients undergoing unilateral intraocular injection for choroidal neovascularization. Bilateral conjunctival cultures from the treated eye and untreated (control) fellow eye were taken at baseline and after each injection (before the application of povidone-iodine).

Ophthalmic antibiotic use and multidrug-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis: a controlled, longitudinal study.

Purpose: To analyze the emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis after repeated conjunctival exposure to topical macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Design: Prospective, controlled, longitudinal study with 1-year follow-up.

Participants: Forty-eight eyes of 24 patients undergoing serial unilateral intravitreal (IVT) injections for choroidal neovascularization.

Ophthalmic antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance a randomized, controlled study of patients undergoing intravitreal injections.

Purpose: To determine whether repeated exposure of ocular and nasopharyngeal flora to ophthalmic antibiotics promotes antimicrobial resistance in patients undergoing intravitreal injections for choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

Participants: Forty-eight eyes of 24 patients undergoing unilateral intravitreal injections for CNV.

Reduced choroidal neovascular membrane formation in cyclooxygenase-2 null mice.

Purpose: To assess the degree of laser-induced choroidal neovascular membrane formation in wild-type (WT) and COX-2 null mice and to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the retina and choroid.

Methods: Four laser burns were placed in each eye of WT and COX-2 null mice to induce choroidal neovascularization. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was performed at 14 days, and retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-sclera (choroidal) flat mounts were prepared.

Ketorolac inhibits choroidal neovascularization by suppression of retinal VEGF.

We assessed the effect of topical ketorolac on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), measured retinal PGE(2) and VEGF levels after laser treatment, and determined the effect of ketorolac on PGE(2) and VEGF production. Six laser burns were placed in eyes of rats which then received topical ketorolac 0.4% or artificial tears four times daily until sacrifice.

Antibiotic resistance of conjunctiva and nasopharynx evaluation study: a prospective study of patients undergoing intravitreal injections.

Purpose: To determine the baseline antibiotic susceptibility patterns of conjunctival and nasopharyngeal flora isolated from patients undergoing intravitreal (IVT) injections for choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Participants: Forty-eight eyes of 24 patients undergoing unilateral IVT injections for CNV.

Improved assessment of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.

The primary objective of this study was to develop and evaluate new methods of analyzing laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), in order to make recommendations for improving the reporting of experimental CNV in the literature. Six laser burns of sufficient power to rupture Bruch's membrane were concentrically placed in each eye of 18 adult Norway rats. Eyes received intravitreal injections of either triamcinolone acetonide, ketorolac, or balanced salt solution (BSS).

Inhibition of choroidal neovascularization by intravitreal ketorolac.

Objective: To determine the inhibitory effect of intravitreal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in an animal model of age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Six laser burns of sufficient power to rupture the Bruch membrane were induced in the peripapillary area of each eye of 18 adult Brown Norway rats. Both eyes of each animal received the same 5-microL intravitreal injection of 30 mg/mL of ketorolac tromethamine, 40 mg/mL of triamcinolone acetonide, or balanced salt solution.

Cancer-associated retinopathy with retinal periphlebitis in a patient with ovarian cancer.

Purpose: To describe a case of cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) due to ovarian cancer presenting with retinal periphlebitis and a negative-type pattern electroretinogram (ERG).

Design: Case report.

Methods: Retrospective chart review.

Ocular HSV-1 latency, reactivation and recurrent disease.

Ocular infection with HSV-1 continues to be a serious clinical problem despite the availability of effective antivirals. Primary infection with HSV-1 can involve ocular and adenaxial sites and can manifest as blepharitis, conjunctivitis, or corneal epithelial keratitis. After initial ocular infection, HSV-1 can establish latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia for the lifetime of the host.

Safety of intravitreal ketorolac and diclofenac: an electroretinographic and histopathologic study.

Objective: To determine the clinical, histologic, and electroretinographic effects in the rabbit retina of escalating doses of two intravitreally delivered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): ketorolac and diclofenac.

Methods: Right eyes received a single 0.1 mL injection of either ketorolac (500-6000 microg/0.

The retinal ciliopathies.

While the functions of many of the proteins located in or associated with the photoreceptor cilia are poorly understood, disruption of the function of these proteins may result in a wide variety of phenotypes ranging from isolated retinal degeneration to more pleiotropic phenotypes. Systemic findings include neurosensory hearing loss, developmental delay, situs-inversus, infertility, disorders of limb and digit development, obesity, kidney disease, liver disease, and respiratory disease. The concept of "retinal ciliopathies" brings to attention the importance of further molecular analysis of this organelle as well as provides a potential common target for therapies for these disorders.

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in an African-American patient: should the diagnostic criteria be expanded to include hydrometrocolpos?

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a multisystemic disorder diagnosed on the basis of a combination of primary and secondary clinical features that include retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, cognitive dysfunction, and renal malformations. We report a unique case of BBS in a 13-year old girl of African-American descent who presented with retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, polydactyly, learning disabilities, precocious puberty, hypertension, renal cysts, and Hirschprung disease. Further evaluation revealed a history of precocious puberty, which is antithetical to the common manifestations of BBS, while neuroimaging was suggestive of periventricular leukomalacia and neuro-electrophysiologic studies revealed diffuse cerebral disturbance, which may contribute to her neurological abnormalities.

Binasal visual field defects from simultaneous bilateral retinal infarctions in sickle cell disease.

Purpose: To report a case of retinal occlusive disease producing binasal visual field defects in a patient with sickle cell (SC) disease.

Design: Retrospective case report.

Methods: A 21-year-old man with SC disease presented with binasal field defects and 20/20 acuity in each eye.

Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage secondary to haptic-induced chafing.

Case Report: After cataract extraction and placement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens, a 70-year-old man had 5 vitreous hemorrhages over 3 years. Iris transillumination defects and apposition of the nasal haptic and ciliary body were found.

Comments: Iris chafing is a rare complication of cataract extraction.