Iranian mothers' perceptions of contextual factors helping them manage pain in labor.

Background: The rate of caesarean section in Iran has significantly increased. The main reason cited by Iranian mothers for it is labor pain and fear of it. However, the experience of pain during childbirth has different meanings for mothers in various conditions.

Husbands' Perception of Environmental Characteristics During Participation in Physiologic Delivery.

Objective: Nowadays, the presence of husbands during the childbirth process is regarded as an important factor that can contribute to lower rate of the C-section, better success of physiologic delivery and higher satisfaction in childbirth experience. Considering the special sociocultural characteristics of the Iranian society, this method requires accurate assessment to be practical and effective. The aim of this research was finding out how husbands perceive the environmental and physical characteristics of delivery spaces via studying these physical characteristics, exploring them through husbands' perception and finally discovering the mechanism behind formation of this perception.

Benefits and Complications of Removing Ureteral Stent Based on the Elapsed Time After Renal Transplantation Surgery.

Background: The most important surgical complications of renal transplantation are stenosis and obstruction of anastomosis of the ureter to the bladder. Although the routine use of the ureteral stents to prevent such complications seems rational, the optimal time to keep the ureteral stent is still controversial.

Objectives: This study presents the benefits and complications of removing the ureteral stent based on the elapsed time after the surgery.