Evaluation and Treatment of Lumbar Spine Extradural Cysts: A Narrative Review.

The main objective was to describe the different types and characteristics of lumbar spine extradural cysts and their optimal treatment options with a focus on endoscopic technique. We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar for articles published between 1967 and 2020 using the keywords "Spinal Cyst," "Extradural Cyst," and "Lumbar Cyst." The various anatomical and histological types of the extradural cysts with their presentations, etiologies, imaging, and optimal treatment with a focus on endoscopic techniques were reviewed from the articles.

Bridge plating with decortication, autologous bone graft, and tight closure: a "stepwise surgical diamond concept" for treatment of nonunion in a series of fifty five patients.

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess a stepwise surgical procedure applied to treat a continuous series of patients with aseptic atrophic nonunion of long bones.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the medical files of patients treated by the senior author between January 2014 and January 2021 for aseptic atrophic nonunion of long bones using a standard stepwise surgical procedure consisting of four successive surgical steps: bridge locked plating, aggressive osteoperiosteal decortication, copious autologous iliac bone grafting, and tight closure without drainage. Patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated until bone healing, then at final follow-up for the purpose of the study.

Breakage of sliding hip screw after fixation of pertrochanteric hip fracture: A rare complication.

Introduction: The authors report a rare case of lag screw breakage in a patient treated using locking DHS with home-made trochanteric stabilizing plate (TSP) for pertrochanteric hip fracture.

Case Presentation: A 67 year-old female was operated for pertrochanteric hip fracture with incompetent lateral wall using locking DHS with home-made TSP. At seven months postoperative, there was radiographic nonunion with breakage of the sliding lag screw.

The instep flap for anterior ankle coverage with bone and hardware exposure.

Purpose: The instep medial plantar flap is a well-known flap based on the medial plantar artery of the foot and usually used for coverage of soft tissue defects of the heel area. It has seldom been reported for coverage of anterior ankle area with exposure of the bone and metallic hardware after open reduction and internal fixation of distal tibial fractures. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and viability of this flap as well as its reliability saving the internal fixation devices and efficiency protecting bone healing; the secondary purpose is to assess the condition of the flap and its cosmetic appearance, as well as occurrence of complications related to its harvesting.

The adjunct use of lateral hinged external fixator in the treatment of traumatic destabilizing elbow injuries.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of using a lateral hinged external fixator as an adjunct stabilizer in the treatment of a variety of acute destabilizing elbow injuries.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on the medical records of patients in whom a lateral monolateral elbow hinged external fixator was applied by the senior author. The indication to apply the fixator corresponded to a variety of acute injury patterns ranging from simple elbow trauma or dislocation to complex fracture-dislocation, and the decision was based on either the presence of recurrent or persistent instability in any direction and/or to secure a vulnerable or weak bony fixation or soft tissue repair as intra-operatively judged by the surgeon.

Nerve transfers in the upper extremity: A review.

Injury of the brachial plexus and peripheral nerve often result in significant upper extremity dysfunction and disability. Nerve transfers are replacing other techniques as the gold standard for brachial plexus and other proximal peripheral nerve injuries. These transfers require an intimate knowledge of nerve topography, a technically demanding Intraneural dissection and require extensive physical therapy for retraining.