Sensory Entrained TMS (seTMS) enhances motor cortex excitability.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to the motor cortex has revolutionized the study of motor physiology in humans. Despite this, TMS-evoked electrophysiological responses show significant variability, due in part to inconsistencies between TMS pulse timing and ongoing brain oscillations. Variable responses to TMS limit mechanistic insights and clinical efficacy, necessitating the development of methods to precisely coordinate the timing of TMS pulses to the phase of relevant oscillatory activity.

Moisture Sorption by Low-Cost Pyridinium-Based Protic Ionic Liquids: Kinetics and Physico-Electrochemical Properties.

We report the synthesis of two pyridinium-based room temperature protic ionic liquids (PILs), pyridinium bisulfate, [HPyr][HSO] and pyridinium sulphate, [HPyr][SO] and investigation of the kinetics of their water sorption behaviour and its influence on their density, ionic conductivity, and potential windows. The PILs were synthesized by the reaction of pyridine base with an acid, HSO, under solventless conditions, and confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectra. The appearance vibration bands in the 3095-3252 cm range for -NH stretching in the FTIR spectra and a peak at a chemical shift of 8.

Secular trends and sociodemographic disparities in physical activity among adults in eleven African countries: WHO STEPS 2003-2020.

Background: Mortality from physical inactivity-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is projected to surpass deaths from communicable diseases by 2030 in Africa. Monitoring physical activity (PA) is important for planning public health interventions addressing NCDS and planetary health, but there is a dearth of evidence on PA trends in Africa. This study explored the secular trends in overall and domains of PA (leisure, occupation, and transport), and examined the gender, age, and education disparities in PA trends across African countries.

Patterns and Clinicopathological Features of Histologically Proven Metastases in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignant neoplasm. Multiple risk factors have been identified for several decades for this overly aggressive tumor. HCC is an overly aggressive malignancy with frequent intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis.

Decomposition and Growth Pathways for Ammonium Nitrate Clusters and Nanoparticles.

Understanding the formation and decomposition mechanisms of aerosolized ammonium nitrate species will lead to improvements in modeling the thermodynamics and kinetics of aerosol haze formation. Studying the sputtered mass spectra of cation and anion ammonium nitrate clusters can provide insights as to which growth and evaporation pathways are favored in the earliest stages of nucleation and thereby guide the development and use of accurate models for intermolecular forces for these systems. Simulated annealing Monte Carlo optimization followed by density functional theory optimizations can be used reliably to predict minimum-energy structures and interaction energies for the cation and anion clusters observed in mass spectra as well as for neutral nanoparticles.

Convolutional neural network framework for EEG-based ADHD diagnosis in children.

Purpose: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) stands as a significant psychiatric and neuro-developmental disorder with global prevalence. The prevalence of ADHD among school children in India is estimated to range from 5% to 8%. However, certain studies have reported higher prevalence rates, reaching as high as 11%.

Early Tracheostomy versus Late Tracheostomy in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

 The aim of this article was to study the impact of early versus late tracheostomy on clinical outcomes of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).  A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neurosurgery Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, in which a sample size of 50 cases was calculated over a period of 6 months from January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022. The included cases were patients who suffered from moderate-to-severe TBI, isolated TBI, needed elective ventilation, required intensive care unit (ICU) admission during their hospital stay, and were between the ages of 18 and 65 years.

Exploring the multimodal health-promoting properties of resveratrol: A comprehensive review.

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol in various plants, has gained significant attention for its potential health-promoting properties. It has been demonstrated, after reviewing various clinical and in vitro studies, that resveratrol possesses potent antioxidant potential. Resveratrol demonstrates cellular component protection by directly neutralizing free radicals (FRs) and enhancing the expression of natural antioxidant enzymes, thereby mitigating oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Association of Depression With Myocardial Infarction With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review examined the association between depression and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, resulting in the inclusion of six small case-control and cohort studies reported from Spain, Australia, China, and Pakistan. The studies included various study designs, such as cohort studies, case-control studies, and prospective cohort studies.

Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the human brain recorded with intracranial electrocorticography.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is increasingly used as a noninvasive technique for neuromodulation in research and clinical applications, yet its mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we present the neurophysiological effects of TMS using intracranial electrocorticography (iEEG) in neurosurgical patients. We first evaluated safety in a gel-based phantom.

Enabling biomedical technologies for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) biomarkers detection.

Chronic myelogenous/myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer of bone marrow that arises from hematopoietic stem cells and affects millions of people worldwide. Eighty-five percent of the CML cases are diagnosed during chronic phase, most of which are detected through routine tests. Leukocytes, micro-Ribonucleic Acids, and myeloid markers are the primary biomarkers for CML diagnosis and are mainly detected using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and genetic testing.

Expression of NKX2.2 in Non-Ewing Tumors With Round Cell Morphology.

Background Round cell sarcomas pose diagnostic challenges due to overlapping histopathological features, necessitating precise immunohistochemical markers for accurate categorization. NKX2.2 has emerged as a sensitive diagnostic tool, particularly in Ewing sarcoma.

The etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus across Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Despite the high prevalence and significant implications of pediatric hydrocephalus, the etiological distribution of pediatric hydrocephalus across the diverse Asian demographic is poorly understood. This study aimed to inform clinical guidelines and public health decisions by identifying the etiological distribution of pediatric hydrocephalus across Asia.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Global Health, Global Index Medicus, and Scopus, with no language restriction, from inception to January 27, 2023.

The Expression of Mucin-4 (MUC4) in Sarcomas Apart From Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma and Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma.

Background Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) and sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) are two rare but aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that can be difficult to distinguish due to histopathological similarities. The present study examines the diagnostic capacities of mucin-4 (MUC4), a transmembrane mucin, in identifying different types of sarcomas and broadens its evaluation to include a wide range of sarcomas. Methods Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of tissue samples from various sarcomas was performed using a mouse anti-MUC4 monoclonal antibody.

Combined Medial And Lateral Bucket Handle Meniscus Tears With Associated Complete Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: A Case Report.

The majority of meniscal tears in bucket handles are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) impairment. Its a rare condition which is rarely encountered when the meniscus has a bucket handle on both sides of the compartment. Here we present the case of a 28-year- old male cricket player with a total ACL rupture, a double Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL) sign on MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), an uncommon occurrence of a complex bucket handle rupture of the medial meniscus with a double PCL sign.

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline variants in an unselected pancreatic cancer patient cohort in Pakistan.

Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) are the most frequently investigated genes among Caucasian pancreatic cancer patients, whereas limited reports are available among Asians. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of BRCA1/2 germline variants in Pakistani pancreatic cancer patients.

Methods: One hundred and fifty unselected and prospectively enrolled pancreatic cancer patients were comprehensively screened for BRCA1/2 germline variants using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution melting analyses, followed by DNA sequencing of the variant fragments.

A comprehensive study on the performance and emission analysis in diesel engine via optimization of novel ternary fuel blends: Diesel, manganese, and diethyl ether.

Ecosystem degradation and fossil fuel depletion are the two foremost concerns to look for alternative fuels. Rapid population growth is primarily accountable for higher consumption of fossil fuel sources, although engine technology is achieving milestones in terms of fuel efficiency and lower exhaust emissions in order to contribute towards a sustainable environment. The main root cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emissions; therefore, it is imperative to assess the impact of alternative fuels in diesel engines with an aim to minimize carbon emissions.

AQAFI: a bioanalytical method for automated KPIs quantification of fluorescent images of human leukocytes and micro-nano particles.

Micro-nanoparticle and leukocyte imaging find significant applications in the areas of infectious disease diagnostics, cellular therapeutics, and biomanufacturing. Portable fluorescence microscopes have been developed for these measurements, however, quantitative assessment of the quality of images (micro-nanoparticles, and leukocytes) captured using these devices remains a challenge. Here, we present a novel method for automated quality assessment of fluorescent images (AQAFI) captured using smartphone fluorescence microscopes (SFM).

Application Of New WHO Classification On Malignancies Of Sinonasal Tract: Correlation With Epidemiology And Survival In Pakistani Population.

Objectives: To analyse the clinicopathological characteristics of sinonasal malignancies in the light of the updates regarding head and neck tumours.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data of patients diagnosed with primary malignant tumours of the sinonasal tract between 2015 and 2020. Slides related to biopsies and resection specimens were retrieved from the institutional database and reviewed by two pathologists.

Multi-modal sensing with integrated machine learning to differentiate specific leukocytes targeted by electrically sensitive hybrid particles.

The growing need for personalized, accurate, and non-invasive diagnostic technology has resulted in significant advancements, from pushing current mechanistic limitations to innovative modality developments across various disease-related biomarkers. However, there still lacks clinical solutions for analyzing multiple biomarkers simultaneously, limiting prognosis for patients suffering with complicated diseases or comorbidities. Here, we conceived, fabricated, and validated a multifrequency impedance cytometry apparatus with novel frequency-sensitive barcoded metal oxide Janus particles (MOJPs) as cell-receptor targeting agents.

Identification of a Unique Morphological Pattern for the Diagnosis of Fungal Rhinosinusitis.

Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is a relatively common, but often misdiagnosed disease of paranasal sinuses. The FRS is classified into invasive and non-invasive forms. The non-invasive form includes fungal ball and allergic FRS, and invasive form includes acute invasive FRS, chronic invasive FRS, and granulomatous FRS.

Multiple design and modelling approaches for the optimisation of carbon felt electro-Fenton treatment of dye laden wastewater.

This study utilizes artificial intelligence and statistical modelling to optimize the operating parameters of a carbon-based electro-Fenton process for purifying model dye (RB19)-contaminated wastewater. Multilevel experimental Box-Behnken and uniform deisgns (BBD, UD) with four variables were analysed using polynomial regression analysis (PRA) and artificial neural networks (ANN), while the process optimisation was done using desirability function. For the given testing range but different design matrices and runs, both designs predicted a maximum RB19 removal (RB19-RR) of 90 ± 2.