The changing malaria landscape in Aseer region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: 2000-2015.

Background: In 2004, a revised action plan was developed, supported by the World Health Organization, to eliminate malaria from Saudi Arabia by preventing re-introduction of malaria into regions since declared malaria free, eliminating foci of transmission in the Mecca and Medina areas and a concerted effort of foci surveillance and control, to eliminate malaria from the regions of Jazan and Aseer. This paper provides the context, activities, progress, and possible contributions toward malaria elimination in the Aseer region since 2000, with a more detailed analysis of the spatial location of locally acquired case incidence since 2012.

Methods: This is a descriptive study of all available Ministry of Health surveillance data and process reports since 2000, with higher spatial resolution analysis of data between 2012 and 2015.

The role of hydrogen bonding in the fluorescence quenching of 2,6-bis((E)-2-(benzoxazol-2-yl)vinyl)naphthalene (BBVN) in methanol.

The excited state hydrogen bonding dynamics of BBVN in hydrogen donating methanol solvent was explored at the TD-BMK/cc-pVDZ level of theory with accounting for the bulk environment effects at the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The heteroatoms of the BBVN laser dye form hydrogen bonds with four methanol molecules. In the formed BBVN-(MeOH) complex, the A-type hydrogen bond (N…HO), of an average strength of 25kJmol, is twofold stronger than the B-type (O…HO) one.

Remodeling the Vascular Microenvironment of Glioblastoma with α-Particles.

Unlabelled: Tumors escape antiangiogenic therapy by activation of proangiogenic signaling pathways. Bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma, but patients inevitably develop resistance to this angiogenic inhibitor. We previously investigated targeted α-particle therapy with Ac-E4G10 as an antivascular approach and showed increased survival and tumor control in a high-grade transgenic orthotopic glioblastoma model.

Age Affects the Mitigating Efficacy of Riboflavin Against Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity In Vivo.

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CP), a prominent anticancer drug, exerts toxic insults that are functional to various factors that compromise its antineoplastic activity. Riboflavin (RF) is an essential vitamin and photosensitizer that ameliorates CP-induced toxic insults in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. The aim of the present study is to investigate how age can influence the ameliorative effect of RF against CP-induced toxicity.

Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Laser in the Treatment of Epidermal Nevi.

Background: Epidermal naevi are benign hamartomatous growths of the skin which are generally asymptomatic with a benign course but are cosmetically disagreeable. Topical treatments such as steroids, calcipotriol, 5 fluorouracil, podophyllin, retinoids and cryotherapy are ineffective and surgical excision results in scar formation. Therapy is often challenging.

Shedding Light on the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System in the Era of Radiomics and Radiogenomics.

The new World Health Organization classification of brain tumors depends on combining the histologic light microscopy features of central nervous system (CNS) tumors with canonical genetic alterations. This integrated diagnosis is redrawing the pedigree chart of brain tumors with rearrangement of tumor groups on the basis of geno-phenotypical behaviors into meaningful groups. Multiple radiogenomic studies provide a bridge between imaging features and tumor microenvironment.

Three-dimensional mapping of cortical bone thickness in subjects with different vertical facial dimensions.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in cortical bone thickness among subjects with different vertical facial dimensions using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: From 114 pre-treatment CBCT scans, 48 scans were selected to be included in the study. CBCT-synthesized lateral cephalograms were used to categorize subjects into three groups based on their vertical skeletal pattern.

Vitamin E in dermatology.

Vitamin E is an important fat-soluble antioxidant and has been in use for more than 50 years in dermatology. It is an important ingredient in many cosmetic products. It protects the skin from various deleterious effects due to solar radiation by acting as a free-radical scavenger.

Exploring Missense Mutations in Tyrosine Kinases Implicated with Neurodegeneration.

Protein kinases are one of the largest families of evolutionarily related proteins and the third most common protein class of human genome. All the protein kinases share the same structural organization. They are made up of an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain and an intra cellular kinase domain.

Relationship of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with oxy(quinone) and nitro derivatives during air mass transport.

Airborne concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), quinone and nitro derivatives have been measured at three sites on the coast of Saudi Arabia to the north of the city of Jeddah. The PAH show a general reduction in concentrations from northwest to southeast, consistent with a source from a petrochemical works to the northwest of the sampling sites. In comparison, the concentrations of quinones show little variation between the sampling sites consistent with these being predominantly longer lived secondary pollutants formed from PAH oxidation.

Reactive Oxygen Stimulation of Interleukin-6 Release in the Human Trophoblast Cell Line HTR-8/SVneo by the Trichlorethylene Metabolite S-(1,2-Dichloro)-l-Cysteine.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common environmental pollutant associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in humans. TCE intoxication occurs primarily through its biotransformation to bioactive metabolites, including S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (DCVC). TCE induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver and kidney.

Infectivity, effects on helper viruses and whitefly transmission of the deltasatellites associated with sweepoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae).

Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) are whitefly-transmitted viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes that are frequently associated with DNA satellites. These satellites include non-coding satellites, for which the name deltasatellites has been proposed. Although the first deltasatellite was identified in the late 1990s, little is known about the effects they have on infections of their helper begomoviruses.

Synthesis, spectral characterization, DNA interaction, anticancer and molecular docking studies on some transition metal complexes with bidentate ligand.

The ligand, N(2),N(3)-bis(3-nitrophenyl)quinoxaline-2.3-diamine was prepared by the condensation of quinoxaline-2.3(1,4H)-dione with 3-nitroaniline.

Membrane transporters studied by EPR spectroscopy: structure determination and elucidation of functional dynamics.

During their mechanistic cycles membrane transporters often undergo extensive conformational changes, sampling a range of orientations, in order to complete their function. Such membrane transporters present somewhat of a challenge to conventional structural studies; indeed, crystallization of membrane-associated proteins sometimes require conditions that vary vastly from their native environments. Moreover, this technique currently only allows for visualization of single selected conformations during any one experiment.

Diagnostic value of lumbar puncture among infants and children presenting with fever and convulsions.

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) infections can be categorized according to the nature of the infectious pathogen into viral, bacterial, protozoan, or fungal. The diagnosis of diffuse CNS infections depends on examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained by lumbar puncture (LP). The aim of this work was to determine the diagnostic value of CSF analysis in infants and children presenting with fever and convulsions.

Targeted nano-delivery of novel omega-3 conjugate against hepatocellular carcinoma: Regulating COX-2/bcl-2 expression in an animal model.

The present approach enumerates the effectiveness of tuftsin tagged nano-liposome for the cytosolic transport of 2,6-di-isopropylphenol-linolenic acid conjugate against liver cancer in mice. Initially, the conjugate in its free form was examined for anticancer potential on HepG2 liver cancer cells. Induction of apoptosis and suppression of migration and adhesion of HepG2 cells confirmed the effectiveness of conjugate as an anticancer agent.

Assessing ambient ozone injury in olive (Olea europaea L.) plants by using the antioxidant ethylenediurea (EDU) in Saudi Arabia.

The antiozonant chemical, ethylenediurea (N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl)ethyl]-N'-phenylurea, abbreviated as EDU), was applied as stem injections or soil drenches to 5-year-old containerized plants of olive (Olea europaea L. cultivar Kalamata) in growth chambers in order to assess its ameliorative effects against realistic ozone (O3) stress. Visible injury symptoms were reduced greatly in individuals treated with EDU, with injection applications having greater protection than soil drenches.

Wound healing of different molecular weight of hyaluronan; in-vivo study.

Recruitment of cells and mediators is altered during impaired wound healing, thereby delaying this process. To overcome this problem, the correlation of wound healing in older rats, and the impact of different molecular weight of hyaluronan without silver nanoparticles; (low-HA1), (High-HA2), (Medium- HA3) and with silver nanoparticles (High-HA4) is investigated. The superior HA were selected to be further investigated onto diabetic wounds.

Radiomic Texture Analysis Mapping Predicts Areas of True Functional MRI Activity.

Individual analysis of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans requires user-adjustment of the statistical threshold in order to maximize true functional activity and eliminate false positives. In this study, we propose a novel technique that uses radiomic texture analysis (TA) features associated with heterogeneity to predict areas of true functional activity. Scans of 15 right-handed healthy volunteers were analyzed using SPM8.

Clinico-bacteriological profile of primary pyodermas in Kashmir: a hospital-based study.

Pyodermas are a common group of infectious dermatological conditions on which few studies have been conducted. This study aimed to characterise the clinical and bacteriological profile of pyodermas, and to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in primary pyodermas in a dermatology outpatient department in Kashmir. Methods We conducted a hospital based cross-sectional study in the outpatient Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy of Shri Maharaja Hari Singh Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.