Milk Composition Is Predictive of Low Milk Supply Using Machine Learning Approaches.

The causes of low milk supply are multifactorial, including factors such as gene mutations, endocrine disorders, and infrequent milk removal. These factors affect the functional capacity of the mammary gland and, potentially, the concentrations of milk components. This study aimed to investigate the differences in milk composition between mothers with low and normal milk supply and develop predictive machine learning models for identifying low milk supply.

Assessment of the Knowledge of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Radiological Examination in Lactating Mothers: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Objectives Breastfeeding is critical for a mother's health, as well as the development and survival of her infant. Healthcare personnel are a reliable source of information for breastfeeding mothers during and after radiological procedures, assuming their understanding is appropriate. As a result, this study analyzed healthcare professionals' knowledge of breastfeeding and radiological tests on lactating mothers.

Can memantine treat autism? Answers from preclinical and clinical studies.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a clinical challenge due to its diverse behavioral symptoms and complex neuro-pathophysiology. Finding effective treatments that target the fundamental mechanisms of ASD remains a top priority. This narrative review presents the potential of the NMDA-receptor blocker memantine in managing ASD symptoms.

homeRNA self-blood collection enables high-frequency temporal profiling of presymptomatic host immune kinetics to respiratory viral infection: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Early host immunity to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is heterogenous, dynamic, and critical to an individual's infection outcome. Due to limitations in sampling frequency/timepoints, kinetics of early immune dynamics in natural human infections remain poorly understood. In this nationwide prospective cohort study, we leveraged a Tasso-SST based self-blood collection and stabilization tool (homeRNA) to profile detailed kinetics of the presymptomatic to convalescence host immunity to contemporaneous respiratory pathogens.

Exposure to hate in online and traditional media: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of this exposure on individuals and communities.

The Problem: People use social media platforms to chat, search, and share information, express their opinions, and connect with others. But these platforms also facilitate the posting of divisive, harmful, and hateful messages, targeting groups and individuals, based on their race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or political views. Hate content is not only a problem on the Internet, but also on traditional media, especially in places where the Internet is not widely available or in rural areas.

Evaluating the prognostic value of radiomics and clinical features in metastatic prostate cancer using [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.

Prostate cancer is a significant global health issue due to its high incidence and poor outcomes in metastatic disease. This study aims to develop models predicting overall survival for patients with metastatic biochemically recurrent prostate cancer, potentially helping to identify high-risk patients and enabling more tailored treatment options. A multi-centre cohort of 180 such patients underwent [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scans, with lesions semi-automatically segmented and radiomic features extracted from lesions.

ALDH Breast Cancer Stem Cells Exhibit a Mesenchymal-Senescent Hybrid Phenotype, with Elevated Metabolic and Migratory Activities.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for 0.01 to 2% of the total tumor mass; however, they play a key role in tumor progression, metastasis and resistance to current cancer therapies. The generation and maintenance of CSCs are usually linked to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a dynamic process involved in reprogramming cancer cells towards a more aggressive and motile phenotype with increased stemness potential.

Assessment of beach litter pollution in Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco: a study of macro and meso-litter on Mediterranean beaches.

We conducted surveys of Mediterranean beaches in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia including 37 macro-litter (> 25 mm) and 41 meso-litter (5-25 mm) assessments. Our study identified key litter items and assessed pollution sources on urban, semi-urban, tourist, and semi-rural beaches. Macro-litter concentration averaged 5032 ± 4919 pieces per 100 m or 1.

Hematological profile among cutaneous leishmaniasis patients before and after treatment with sodium stibogluconate in Diyala, Iraq.

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common protozoan disease in Iraq characterized by localized ulcers, primarily on exposed skin. This study aimed to investigate the hematological parameters of infected patients using a complete blood count (CBC) in the endemic area of Diyala Governorate, northeast of Baghdad. This has been studied in newly diagnosed, untreated individuals and patients receiving sodium antimony gluconate.

Impacts of mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid on inflammatory indicators and antioxidant defense in experimental ankle osteoarthritis.

Background: No effective treatment guarantees full recovery from osteoarthritis (OA), and few therapies have disadvantages.

Aim: To determine if bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) treat ankle OA in Wistar rats.

Methods: BMMSCs were characterized using flow cytometry with detection of surface markers [cluster of differentiation 90 (CD90), CD105, CD34, and CD45].

Maximization of Biodiesel production from oil that produced during salmon smoking process with high amount of omega-3 by using homogenous catalyst.

The escalating global demand for oil, coupled with declining fossil fuel production, prompts the urgent exploration of renewable alternatives. To address this challenge, researchers are actively seeking environmentally friendly fuels like biodiesel. Among potential feedstocks, oil that is produced from salmon smoking process during industry emerges as a promising option.

Composite Hydrogel of Polyacrylamide/Starch/Gelatin as a Novel Amoxicillin Delivery System.

This study investigates the development and characterization of a novel composite hydrogel composed of polyacrylamide (PAAm), starch, and gelatin for use as an amoxicillin delivery system. The optical properties, swelling behavior, and drug release profile of the composite hydrogel's were studied to evaluate its efficacy and potential applications. UV-visible spectroscopy was employed to determine the optical properties, revealing significant transparency in the visible range, which is essential for biomedical applications.

Implications of CD154 and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

CD154, also known as CD40 ligand, is a costimulatory molecule involved in humoral and adaptive immune responses upon pairing with its classical receptor, CD40. The CD154/CD40 dyad is a key participant in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In SLE, the major cells at play, T and B lymphocytes, are shown to overexpress CD154 and CD40, respectively.

Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves of mobile phone stations on male fertility.

Purpose: To determine the effect of electromagnetic waves of mobile phone stations on several sperm parameters and the male reproductive system.

Methods: This observational study was performed on 216 subjects, aged 18-60 years. Two equal groups of subjects were assigned to group A (study group) if they were living close to cell phone tower stations for at least 6 months and group B (control group) formed from individuals living 100 meters away from cell phone tower stations.

Ultrathin semirigid retrograde ureteroscopy versus antegrade flexible ureteroscopy in treating proximal ureteric stones 1-2 cm, a prospective randomized multicenter study.

To compare the outcomes of using Ultrathin semirigid retrograde ureteroscopy and antegrade flexible ureteroscopy to treat proximal ureteric stones of sizes 1-2 cm. A prospective randomized multicenter study included patients who had proximal ureteric stones 1-2 cm, amenable for ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy between August 2023 and February 2024. Two hundred thirty patients were divided evenly into two treatment groups.

Trends and insights in animal and biomedical research: A 5-year scientometric analysis of orthodontic peer-reviewed journals.

Background: Biomedical research plays a critical role in advancing orthodontic innovations by identifying new targets for therapeutic interventions and developing more effective, personalized orthodontic treatment. This study evaluates the major contributors and trends in animal-related orthodontic research over the past 5 years (2017-2023).

Methods: All animal-related studies published in the eight orthodontic journals listed in the 2022 Journal Citation Reports between January 2017 and June 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.

A novel approach to enhance high optically active L-lactate production from food waste by landfill leachate.

The recycling of food waste (FW) through anaerobic fermentation into lactic acid (LA), with two isomers L-LA and D-LA, aligns with the principles of a bio-based circular economy. However, FW fermentation is often limited by competing pathways, acidification inhibition, and trace metals deficiency. This study investigates the introduction of landfill leachate, containing buffering agents (ammonia) and trace metals, into FW fermentation.

Using a novel bio-based cationic flocculant for food industry wastewater treatment.

Wastewater from the food industry is considered harmful to human health and aquatic life, as well as polluting water and soil. This research is centered around finding an affordable and easy physicochemical method for dealing with waste generated by the food industry. To accomplish this goal, a new bio-based flocculant called 4-benzyl-4-(2-oleamidoethylamino-2-oxoethyl) morpholin-4-ium chloride was created using sustainable sources, specifically crude olive pomace oil.

Role of the type 3 cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 in modulating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) comprises a spectrum of liver diseases that span simple steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and fibrosis and may progress to cirrhosis and cancer. The pathogenesis of MASLD is multifactorial and is driven by environmental, genetic, metabolic and immune factors. This review will focus on the role of the type 3 cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 in MASLD pathogenesis and progression.

Correction: Rosavin improves insulin resistance and alleviates hepatic and kidney damage modulating the cGAS-STING pathway and autophagy signaling in HFD/STZ-induced T2DM animals.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4MD00023D.].

Balancing confidentiality and care coordination: challenges in patient privacy.

Background: In the digital age, maintaining patient confidentiality while ensuring effective care coordination poses significant challenges for healthcare providers, particularly nurses.

Aim: To investigate the challenges and strategies associated with balancing patient confidentiality and effective care coordination in the digital age.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a general hospital in Egypt to collect data from 150 nurses across various departments with at least six months of experience in patient care.

Removal of black tattoos by Picosecond Q-switched Nd-YAG laser in the middle eastern skin type IV: prospective study.

Tattoo removal is considered a challenging field in cosmetic dermatology. Picosecond Q-switched Nd-YAG lasers targeting unique chromophores effectively manage this condition without serious complications. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Picosecond Q-switched Nd-YAG laser in the treatment of black tattoos in the skin of middle eastern mostly skin type IV.