A review on tissue-needle interaction and path planning models for bevel tip type flexible needle minimal intervention.

A flexible needle has emerged as a crucial clinical technique in contemporary medical practices, particularly for minimally invasive interventions. Its applicability spans diverse surgical domains such as brachytherapy, cardiovascular surgery, neurosurgery and others. Notably, flexible needles find utility in biopsies requiring deep skin penetration to access infected areas.

Childhood Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Clinical Spectrum, Bacteriological Profile and Outcome.

Objective: To determine the disease pattern, etiological agents and outcome of childhood acute bacterial meningitis.

Study Design: Adescriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Lahore, from January to December 2012.

Phenotypic Detection of Metallo-Beta-Lactamases in Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Pediatric Patients in Pakistan.

Multidrug resistant A. baumannii has emerged as an important and problematic human pathogen as it is the causative agent of several types of infections especially in neonates and immunocompromised patients because they have least capacity to fight against infections. Carbapenems are used as last resort antibiotics for treating these infections but currently resistance against carbapenems due to MBL production is on the rise.