Effects of age, body weight, semen collection frequency and holding duration on semen traits of broiler breeder reared under different housing systems.

Semen traits play the vital role in determining the fertility of a broiler breeder flock; however, it can be influenced by several factors. This experiment was carried out to assess some of these factors affecting the semen. A total of 89 male birds and 960 hens of 20-week-old broiler breeder (2215 g ± 7.

Cryptosporidium infection induced the dropping of SCFAS and dysbiosis in intestinal microbiome of Tibetan pigs.

The infection of Cryptosporidium in pigs causes digestive system ailments, diarrhea and weight loss serving as an economic burden, especially in newborn animals. The bacterial fermentation products of short-chain fatty acids have important roles in immune function, microbiota regulation, osmotic balance and metabolism. However, till now little knowledge is available about the effect of Cryptosporidium infection on microbiota and SCFAs in plateau pigs.

Sodium acetate/sodium butyrate alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced diarrhea in mice regulating the gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant levels, and NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling.

Diarrhea is a word-widely severe disease coupled with gastrointestinal dysfunction, especially in cattle causing huge economic losses. However, the effects of currently implemented measures are still not enough to prevent diarrhea. Previously we found that dropped short-chain fatty acids in diarrhea yaks, and butyrate is commonly known to be related to the epithelial barrier function and intestinal inflammation.

A metagenomic insight into the Yangtze finless porpoise virome.

The Yangtze finless porpoise () inhabiting the Yantze River, China is critically endangered because of the influences of infectious disease, human activity, and water contamination. Viral diseases are one of the crucial factors that threatening the health of Yangtze finless porpoise. However, there are few studies which elaborate the viral diversity of Yangtze finless.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Genes in Species from Small Backyard Chicken Flocks.

Backyard birds are small flocks that are more common in developing countries. They are used for poultry meat and egg production. However, they are also implicated in the maintenance and transmission of several zoonotic diseases, including multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Kinetics of CD4-1+ lymphocytes in brown trout after exposure to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus.

T-helper cells express CD4 as a co-receptor that binds to major histocompatibility complex class II to synchronize the immune response against upcoming threats via mediating several cytokines. We have previously reported the presence of CD4 homologues in brown trout. The study of cellular immune responses in brown trout is limited by the availability of specific antibodies.

Identification and molecular characterization of CD4 genes in brown trout (Salmo trutta).

CD4 cells are vital in coordinating the immune response against pathogens. In the present study, three different CD4 homologs, namely, CD4-1, CD4-2a, and CD4-2b were identified and characterized. Further, their basal expression levels in different brown trout (Salmo trutta) tissues were also investigated.

CD4: a vital player in the teleost fish immune system.

CD4 is a nonpolymorphic transmembrane glycoprotein molecule that is expressed on the surface of T-helper cells and plays an essential role in the immune response. It functions as a coreceptor with the T-cell receptor by binding to major histocompatibility complex class II on the surface of dendritic cells that present antigens. CD4 T cells hold a key position in coordinating the immune system through production of several cytokines after activation and differentiation.

Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and mediastinal adenopathy due to granulomatous infiltration in patients with preserved ventricular function.

Objectives: This report characterizes a syndrome of granulomatous infiltration presenting as sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT) with mediastinal adenopathy in patients with preserved ventricular function.

Background: Unlike truly idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, SMVT due to granulomatous infiltration responds poorly to radiofrequency ablation and has a poor prognosis.

Methods: Patients without obstructive coronary artery disease and with normal ventricular function presenting with SMVT other than posterior fascicular morphology were evaluated.