Decorin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Endocrine multisystem defect polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes hyperandrogenism and infertility. Half of PCOS women have (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) NAFLD, which increases metabolic disease risk. We tested decorin's effect on NAFLD and related processes in PCOS.

Synthesis of novel pyridine and pyrazolyl pyridine conjugates with potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors and caspase activators.

A novel series of nicotinonitrile and pyrazolyl nicotinonitrile were synthesized, and their PIM-1 kinase inhibitors and caspase activators were investigated. New Manich bases 6-8 were synthesized reaction of pyridine 4 with piperidine, dimethyl amine, and morpholine in the presence of formalin. On the other hand, the pyrazolyl analogues 10-12 were synthesized heterocyclization of acetohydrazide derivative 9 with acetylacetone, malononitrile, and ethyl cyanoacetate, respectively, in ethanol.

Synthesis of novel bioactive pyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine derivatives with potent cytotoxicity through apoptosis as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors.

Direct synthesis and cytotoxicity activity of new series of pyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine was described. Nicotinamide 2 was synthesized cyclization of -cyclohexyl derivative with cyanoacetamide. The -aminonicotinonitrile 2 was subjected to acylation or thio acylation process followed by intramolecular heterocyclization to afford the desired pyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine (3-10) and pyrido triazine 11.

Vagal Stimulation Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats.

Background: The harmful consequences of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are posing an increasing threat to public health as the incidence of diabetes and obesity increases globally. A non-invasive treatment with a range of autonomic and metabolic benefits is transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS).

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the possible preventive impacts of VNS against adult rats' NAFLD caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) and to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Elevated liver transaminases among patients with psychiatric disorders.

Hepatocyte injury is assessed by serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase estimation. In psychiatric populations, antipsychotic drugs (AD) are culprit in hepatic dysfunction. To assess transaminitis among psychiatric patients treated by AD.

Potential Cardioprotective Role of Menaquinone-4 Against Cardiac Ischemia-reperfusion Injury.

Myocardial infarction is among the leading causes of mortality. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a vitamin K2 analog, might play a role in rescuing cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This work aimed to discover the potential cardioprotective role of MK-4 against myocardial I/R injury in rats.

The Association Between Forkhead Box Class O3A Gene Polymorphism and Psoriasis and Its Relationship with Psoriasis Severity.

Background: Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorder marked by an intensified immune response. The role of immunogenetics in psoriasis is still poorly understood; however, experts agree that its expression depends on proinflammatory cytokines.Forkhead box class O3A (FOXO3a), a transcription factor, plays a crucial role in intercellular regulation, oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair, and cell death.

Synthesis of Nucleosides and Non-nucleosides Based 4,6-disubstituted-2-oxo-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitriles as Antiviral Agents.

Background: Viral diseases are considered main threats that face the humanity worldwide. The emergence of new viruses like influenza viruses emphasizes the significance of designing novel antiviral drugs.

Method: The aim of this work is to synthesize a new set of nucleoside and non-nucleoside cyanopyridine, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro antiviral properties against various strains.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Oxo/Thioxoquinoxaline and 2-Oxo/Thioxoquinoxaline-Based Nucleoside Analogues.

Several O- and S-quinoxaline glycosides have been prepared by glycosidation of 3-methyl-2-oxo(thioxo)-1,2-dihydroquinoxalines 1a,b with α-D-glucopyranosyl, α-D-galactopyranosyl, and α-D-lactosyl bromide in the presence of K2CO3 followed by deacetylation with Et3N/H2O. Furthermore, alkylation of 1a,b with 4-bromobutyl acetate, 2-acetoxyethoxymethyl bromide, and 3-chloropropanol afforded the corresponding O- and S-acycloquinoxaline nucleosides. Reaction of 1b with chloroacetic acid followed by condensation with sulfacetamide and sulfadiazine in the presence of Et3N/THF and ethyl chloroformate gave the corresponding sulfonamide derivatives 14 and 15, respectively.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 2-pyridone nucleosides containing a sulfonamide moiety.

Glycosylation of 2-pyridonesulfonamide 1a,b with glycosyl/galactosyl bromide gave the corresponding glycosides 2a,b, 3a,b, 6a,b, and 7a,b, respectively. Deacetylation of the resulting glycosides gave the corresponding glycosides 4a,b, 5a,b, 8a,b, and 9a,b, respectively, in good yields. Furthermore, reaction of 2-pyridonesulfonamide 1b with lactosyl bromide gave a mixture the corresponding N, O-lactosides 10 and 11, which were deacetylated to give the corresponding glycosides 12 and 13, respectively.

Synthesis of acyclovir and HBG analogues having nicotinonitrile and its 2-methyloxy 1,2,3-triazole.

Reaction of pyridin-2(1H)-one 1 with 4-bromobutylacetate (2), (2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl bromide (3) gave the corresponding nicotinonitrile O-acyclonucleosides, 4 and 5, respectively. Deacetylation of 4 and 5 gave the corresponding deprotected acyclonucleosides 6 and 7, respectively. Treatment of pyridin-2(1H)-one 1 with 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol (8), epichlorohydrin (10) and allyl bromide (12) gave the corresponding nicotinonitrile O-acyclonucleosides 9, 11, and 13, respectively.

Synthesis, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-2-(β-O-glycosyloxy)-6-(thien-2-yl)-nicotinonitrile.

4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-6-(thien-2-yl)-1H-pyridin-2-one (2) was obtained by reaction of 2-acetyl thiophene with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate in presence of ammonium acetate or by the reaction of α,β-unsaturated compound 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of ammonium acetate. 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-gluco/galactopyranosyloxy)-6-(thien-2-yl)nicotinonitrile (5a and 5b), riboside 11, xyloside 12 and lactoside 16 were prepared by the reaction of 2 with glycosyl/galactosyl/xylosyl/lactosyl bromide and peracetylated xylose/ribose under the conventional and microwave irradiation methods. The reaction has regioselectively gave the O-glycosides and not the N-glycosides.