Clinicopathologically Defined Nevus Subtypes and Melanoma Risk.

Early detection of melanoma is a major determinant in disease outcome and drives the number of (over)excised nevi in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate demographic features and melanoma risk of clinically suspicious, mainly flat nevus subtypes. Based on the methodology of ex vivo dermoscopy and derm dotting, the 12 most prevalent nevus subtypes were identified in a collection of over 7000 nevi excised for medical reasons.

Computed tomographic evaluation of the proximity of needles placed for perineural anesthesia of the palmar digital nerves to synovial structures in the foot: an study.

Background: Potential synovial penetration following palmar digital nerve blocks has not been investigated.

Objectives: To evaluate the proximity of needles placed for palmar digital nerve blocks to nearby synovial structures using computed tomography (CT).

Study Design: Descriptive observational study.

Longitudinal pilot study examining the effect of punch biopsy on equine sarcoid growth dynamics.

Background: Nonexcisional tissue biopsies facilitate pre-operative confirmation of equine sarcoid yet fear of lesion deterioration currently limits its use in the diagnostic workup.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a single punch biopsy on tumour growth dynamics [thickness, area, circumference, viral load (VL) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS)].

Animals: Six client-owned horses with 11 sarcoids of various classification.

Dobutamine use in horses during romifidine and isoflurane anaesthesia.

This retrospective study aimed to assess the incidence of hypotension and the subsequent administration of dobutamine in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and romifidine during elective surgery. Time from induction of anaesthesia to administration of dobutamine was registered, as well as the time and dose needed to restore mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 70 mmHg. Additionally, the influence of patient and anaesthesia related parameters on the need for dobutamine supplementation was evaluated.

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of BPV-1-Transformed Primary Equine Sarcoid Fibroblasts.

Equine sarcoids (EqS) are fibroblast-derived skin tumors associated with bovine papillomavirus 1 and 2 (BPV-1 and -2). Based on Southern blotting, the BPV-1 genome was not found to be integrated in the host cell genome, suggesting that EqS pathogenesis does not result from insertional mutagenesis. Hence, CRISPR/Cas9 implies an interesting tool for selectively targeting BPV-1 episomes or genetically anchored suspected host factors.

Complete genomic characterization of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2 strains infers ongoing cross-species transmission between cattle and horses.

Infection with bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 results in the most common skin tumor of horses, termed equine sarcoid. The persistent and recurrent nature of this tumor stands in contrast to the regressive nature of BPV-1/- 2 induced cutaneous papillomas in cattle. The circulation of horse-specific BPV-1/- 2 variants within equine populations has been suggested as a possible explanation for the difference in clinical presentation of BPV-1/- 2 infection between horses and cattle.

The effect of medical grade honey on tensile strength, strain, and Young's modulus of synthetic absorbable suture material used in equine surgery.

Background: Medical grade honey (MGH) has been introduced as a protective measure against surgical site infections in equine surgery, but the effect on suture material has not been investigated.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of MGH on the tensile properties of three synthetic absorbable suture materials.

Study Design: In vitro experiments.

Immunogenicity analysis of BPV-1 positive equine sarcoid-derived cultured fibroblasts.

Sarcoids are the most common equine skin tumours Although they do not metastasize, they can be locally aggressive and cause significant clinical symptoms in affected horses. Despite being common, very little is known about the host immune response and the biological mechanisms underlying persistence and recurrence of equine sarcoids. The latter reflects the need for further research in this field.

Different local, innate and adaptive immune responses are induced by two commercial bacterins and an adjuvant alone.

Introduction: Enzootic pneumonia still causes major economic losses to the intensive pig production. Vaccination against its primary pathogen, , is carried out worldwide to control the disease and minimize clinical signs and performance losses. Nonetheless, the effects of both infection with, and vaccination against on the innate and adaptive immune responses remain largely unknown.

Cross-sectional comparison of superficial swab and fine-needle aspiration: Improving the diagnostic workup of horses with sarcoids.

Although bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-induced equine sarcoids are often identified solely by clinical examination, confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is essential for correct treatment selection. Only few approaches are presently available for this purpose. PCR-based screening for BPV in superficial swabs is widely-used to support clinical suspicion.

New approach for genomic characterisation of equine sarcoid-derived BPV-1/-2 using nanopore-based sequencing.

Background: Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 play a central role in the etiology of the most common neoplasm in horses, the equine sarcoid. The unknown mechanism behind the unique variety in clinical presentation on the one hand and the host dependent clinical outcome of BPV-1 infection on the other hand indicate the involvement of additional factors. Earlier studies have reported the potential functional significance of intratypic sequence variants, along with the existence of sarcoid-sourced BPV variants.

Primary Cutaneous Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Sarcoma Harboring RANBP2-ALK Fusion: Report of an Exceptional Case.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are rare soft tissue neoplasms with an uncertain biological behavior, derived from fibroblastic and myofibroblastic cells. In rare cases, a peculiar epithelioid phenotypic variant of this tumor is encountered, named epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS). EIMS has overlapping features with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor but has been correlated with a more aggressive clinical course, a characteristic nuclear membrane or perinuclear anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) immunostaining pattern and a very specific RANBP2-ALK fusion.

Clinical Relevance of Serum Kyn/Trp Ratio and Basal and IFNγ-Upregulated IDO1 Expression in Peripheral Monocytes in Early Stage Melanoma.

Immune escape is an early phenomenon in cancer development/progression. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a normal endogenous mechanism of acquired peripheral immune tolerance and may therefore be tumor-promoting. This study investigated the clinical relevance of IDO1 expression by immune cells in the lymph nodes and blood and of the serum kynurenine/tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratio in 65 systemic treatment naïve stage I-III melanoma patients.

Limited added value of negative pressure wound therapy compared with calcium alginate dressings for second intention healing in a noncontaminated and contaminated equine distal limb wound model.

Background: Distal limb wounds in horses often show aberrant healing due to a slow inflammatory response. In human medicine, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used for the treatment of chronic wounds with a similar inflammatory response.

Objectives: To compare the effect of NPWT to calcium alginate dressings on the healing of (non) contaminated equine distal limb wounds.

Clinical applicability of detomidine and methadone constant rate infusions for surgery in standing horses.

Objective: To determine the required rate of a detomidine infusion (loading dose 5 μg kg; initial rate 12.5 μg kg hour) added to a constant infusion of methadone (0.2 mg kg; 0.

Can the hoof be shod without limiting the heel movement? A comparative study between barefoot, shoeing with conventional shoes and a split-toe shoe.

Conventional shoeing restricts heel movement, which may have a negative effect on the orthopaedic health of the horse. A randomised crossover experimental study using noninvasive techniques was performed to compare the mediolateral heel movement in barefoot horses, horses shod with a conventional toe clipped shoe and with a new type of shoe with a split toe. In eight horses, 16 forelimbs were tested barefoot, shod with a conventional shoe and with the split-toe (ST) shoe, in random order.

Skin disease in donkeys (Equus asinus): a retrospective study from four veterinary schools.

Background: Donkeys are important throughout the world as work animals and occasionally as pets or a meat source. Most descriptions of skin disease in donkeys are reported in small case series, textbooks or review articles.

Hypothesis/objectives: To document skin diseases and their prevalence in donkeys and to investigate predilections for the most common conditions.

Surgical treatment of epiploic foramen entrapment in 142 horses (2008-2016).

Objective: To report the clinical features, outcomes, and prognostic factors associated with the surgical treatment of epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE).

Study Design: Retrospective study at a single referral hospital.

Animals: Horses (n = 142) undergoing surgery (n = 145) for EFE.

Facial Lichen Planopilaris: A Separate Entity or Not? A Case Series.

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is an inflammatory hair disorder that is characterized by scarring hair loss, mostly affecting the vertex and parietal areas of the scalp. Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is considered a particular form of LPP, primarily affecting the hair follicles in the frontotemporal area of the scalp, with the hairline recession and eyebrow loss. There are case reports of FFA with concomitant involvement of facial vellus, characterized by roughening of the facial skin.

A prospective clinical study using a dynamic contrast-enhanced CT-protocol for detection of colorectal liver metastases.

Objective: To evaluate a dynamic contrast-enhanced CT-protocol and compare this method with standard of care monophasic portovenous CT for detection of colorectal liver metastases.

Materials And Methods: A dynamic contrast-enhanced CT protocol was developed to detect liver metastasis in patients suffering from colorectal cancer, in clinical practice. The study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee.

The clinical diagnosis of equine sarcoids-Part 2: Assessment of case features typical of equine sarcoids and validation of a diagnostic protocol to guide equine clinicians in the diagnosis of equine sarcoids.

Research has shown that the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of equine sarcoids (ES) can be improved. Particularly, less experienced veterinarians are often mistaken in their clinical judgement despite a high level of diagnostic confidence. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the performance of a diagnostic protocol (DP) to improve diagnostic accuracy and identify diagnostically challenging cases.

Anatomy of the vestibulum esophagi and surgical implications during prosthetic laryngoplasty in horses.

Objective: To describe the anatomy of the entry to the equine esophagus (vestibulum esophagi) and to assess the risk of penetrating its adventitia and/or lumen during laryngoplasty.

Study Design: Ex vivo cadaveric study.

Sample Population: Five isolated equine larynges and 39 equine head and neck specimens.

The clinical diagnosis of equine sarcoids - Part 1: Assessment of sensitivity and specificity using a multicentre case-based online examination.

Equine clinicians and researchers often make the diagnosis of equine sarcoids (ES) on clinical assessment alone, without histopathological confirmation. However, the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of ES has not been critically assessed. To assess sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the clinical diagnosis of ES, 40 clinical cases with histologically confirmed equine skin lesions (26 ES and 14 non-ES) were compiled in a representative online examination.

Equine cheek teeth occlusal fissures: Prevalence, association with dental wear abnormalities and occlusal angles.

Background: Fissures of the occlusal surface of equine cheek teeth are commonly encountered during oral examination but their aetiology is unknown.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of occlusal fissures in cadaver teeth. It is hypothesised that their prevalence is influenced by masticatory forces.