Integration of statistical and simulation analyses for ternary hybrid nanofluid over a moving surface with melting heat transfer.

In industrial and engineering fields including lamination, melt-spinning, continuous casting, and fiber spinning, the flow caused by a continually moving surface is significant. Therefore, the problem of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving surface is studied. This study explores the stability and statistical analyses of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) forced flow of the ternary hybrid nanofluid with melting heat transfer phenomena.

The Buckling Spectra of Nanoparticle Surfactant Assemblies.

Fine control over the mechanical properties of thin sheets underpins transcytosis, cell shape, and morphogenesis. Applying these principles to artificial, liquid-based systems has led to reconfigurable materials for soft robotics, actuation, and chemical synthesis. However, progress is limited by a lack of synthetic two-dimensional membranes that exhibit tunable mechanical properties over a comparable range to that seen in nature.

Spontaneous emulsification induced by nanoparticle surfactants.

Microemulsions, mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, are thermodynamically stable. Unlike conventional emulsions, microemulsions form spontaneously, have a monodisperse droplet size that can be controlled by adjusting the surfactant concentration, and do not degrade with time. To make microemulsions, a judicious choice of surfactant molecules must be made, which significantly limits their potential use.

Direct observation of nanoparticle-surfactant assembly and jamming at the water-oil interface.

Electrostatic interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and functionalized ligands lead to the formation of NP surfactants (NPSs) that assemble at the water-oil interface and form jammed structures. To understand the interfacial behavior of NPSs, it is necessary to understand the mechanism by which the NPSs attach to the interface and how this attachment depends on the areal coverage of the interface. Through direct observation with high spatial and temporal resolution, using laser scanning confocal microscopy and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), we observe that early-stage attachment of NPs to the interface is diffusion limited and with increasing areal density of the NPSs, further attachment requires cooperative displacement of the previously assembled NPSs both laterally and vertically.

Type of Treatment Supporters in Successful Completion of Tuberculosis Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Pakistan.

Background: The World Health Organization has recommended a patient-centered approach to tuberculosis drug administration. A central element of the patient-centered strategy is the use of treatment supporters to evaluate and elevate adherence to the treatment regimen and to address poor adherence when it occurs. This study was led to determine the part of various treatment supporters in the successful completion of treatment.

Reconfigurable Printed Liquids.

Liquids lack the spatial order required for advanced functionality. Interfacial assemblies of colloids, however, can be used to shape liquids into complex, 3D objects, simultaneously forming 2D layers with novel magnetic, plasmonic, or structural properties. Fully exploiting all-liquid systems that are structured by their interfaces would create a new class of biomimetic, reconfigurable, and responsive materials.

Crystallization and flow in active patch systems.

Based upon recent experiments in which Janus particles are made into active swimmers by illuminating them with laser light, we explore the effect of applying a light pattern on the sample, thereby creating activity inducing zones or active patches. We simulate a system of interacting Brownian diffusers that become active swimmers when moving inside an active patch and analyze the structure and dynamics of the ensuing stationary state. We find that, in some respects, the effect of spatially inhomogeneous activity is qualitatively similar to a temperature gradient.

Dynamical phases of attractive particles sliding on a structured surface.

Inspired by experiments on quartz crystal microbalance setups, we study the mobility of a monolayer of Lennard-Jones particles driven over a hexagonal external potential. We pay special attention to the changes in the dynamical phases that arise when the lattice constant of the external substrate potential and the Lennard-Jones interaction are mismatched. We find that if the average particle separation is such that the particles repel each other, or interact harmonically, the qualitative behavior of the system is akin to that of a monolayer of purely repulsive Yukawa particles.

Effects of porosity and mixed convection on MHD two phase fluid flow in an inclined channel.

The present study deals with the flow and heat transfer analysis of two immiscible fluids in an inclined channel embedded in a porous medium. The channel is divided in two phases such that a third grade fluid occupies the phase I and a viscous fluid occupies the phase II. Both viscous and third grade fluids are electrically conducting.

Frictional dynamics of stiff monolayers: from nucleation dynamics to thermal sliding.

The inherently nonlinear dynamics of two surfaces as they are driven past each other, a phenomenon known as dry friction, has yet to be fully understood on an atomistic level. New experiments on colloidal monolayers forced over laser-generated substrates now offer the opportunity to investigate friction with single-particle resolution. Here, we use analytical theory and computer simulations to study the effect of thermal fluctuations on the stick-slip mechanism characteristic for the frictional response of a stiff colloidal monolayer on a commensurate substrate.

Screening for HIV among tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study in Sindh, Pakistan.

Objective: To describe feasibility and results of systematic screening of tuberculosis (TB) patients for HIV.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Six selected sentinel sites (public DOTS clinics) in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

Cardiovascular responses to repetitive defibrillation during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator testing.

Objective: To study the effects of electrical applications and subsequent postshock hypotension on myocardial performance and vascular tone during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement.

Design: Prospective, blinded, observational investigation.

Setting: Single, university-affiliated institution.

Fenoldopam infusion associated with preserving renal function after aortic cross-clamping for aneurysm repair.

Background: Cross-clamping of the descending aorta during operative repairs causes sudden, significant reductions in renal function that may persist well beyond arterial clamp release. Commonly used agents, such as dopamine and mannitol, have not consistently affected renal outcome in these high-risk patients. Fenoldopam mesylate is a novel, highly selective dopamine type-1 agonist that preferentially dilates the renal and splanchnic vasculature, but has not been investigated in patients undergoing prolonged aortic clamping for whom adverse renal outcomes should be more likely.

Transesophageal echocardiographic detection of gas embolism and cardiac valvular dysfunction during laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Unlabelled: We used transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to monitor venous gas embolism, cardiac performance, and the hemodynamic effects of positioning and pneumoperitoneum in 16 healthy kidney donors undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy. A four-chamber view was used continuously, except at predetermined intervals, when a complete TEE examination for cardiac function was performed. Other clinical variables recorded include systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate (HR), pulse oximetric saturations; and end-tidal CO2.

Real-time transesophageal echocardiography for intraoperative surveillance of patients with renal cell carcinoma and vena caval extension undergoing radical nephrectomy.

Purpose: Vena caval tumor thrombus associated with renal cell carcinoma occurs in 4 to 10% of all renal tumors. There is significant operative morbidity and mortality in removing these tumors. We investigate the use of real-time transesophageal echocardiography intraoperatively and to identify tumor thrombus migration and air embolus, which are 2 potentially fatal complications of this procedure.

Hemodynamic effects of carbon dioxide insufflation during thoracoscopy.

As more complex thoracoscopic procedures are performed, adequate exposure becomes increasingly more important. The insufflation of CO2 has been demonstrated to aid in the compression of lung parenchyma and the effacement of subpleural lesions, and to act as a retractor when combined with changes in patient position. However, a recent study demonstrated that CO2 insufflation during thoracoscopy in the pig had adverse hemodynamic consequences.

Transesophageal echocardiography during resection of renal cell carcinoma involving the inferior vena cava.

We present a case of renal cell carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava and resulting in total occlusion. Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography allowed us to assess cardiac function, follow the extent of vascular involvement, and prevent embolization of tumor and air.