Simulation of ultrasound backscatter coefficient measurement using the finite element method.

Ultrasound backscatter coefficient (BSC) measurement is a method for assessing tissue morphology that can inform on pathologies such as cancer. The BSC measurement is, however, limited by the accuracy with which the investigator can normalise their results to account for frequency dependent effects of diffraction and attenuation whilst performing such measurements. We propose a simulation-based approach to investigate the potential sources of error in assessing the BSC.

Risk factors in DUX4-positive childhood and adolescent B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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Body-wide chimerism and mosaicism are predominant causes of naturally occurring ABO discrepancies.

Routine ABO blood group typing of apparently healthy individuals sporadically uncovers unexplained mixed-field reactions. Such blood group discrepancies can either result from a haematopoiesis-confined or body-wide dispersed chimerism or mosaicism. Taking the distinct clinical consequences of these four different possibilities into account, we explored the responsible cause in nine affected individuals.

Attenuation of Rayleigh waves due to three-dimensional surface roughness: A comprehensive numerical evaluation.

The phenomenon of Rayleigh wave attenuation due to surface roughness has been well studied theoretically in the literature. Three scattering regimes describing it have been identified-the Rayleigh (long wavelength), stochastic (medium wavelength), and geometric (short wavelength)-with the attenuation coefficient exhibiting a different behavior in each. Here, in an extension to our previous work, we gain further insight with regard to the existing theory, in three dimensions, using finite element (FE) modeling, under a unified approach, where the same FE modeling techniques are used regardless of the scattering regime.

Fatigue state characterisation of steel pipes using ultrasonic shear waves.

The phenomenon of the reduction in the propagation speed of an ultrasonic wave when it travels through a fatigue zone has been well studied in the literature. Additionally, it has been established that shear waves are more severely affected by the presence of such a zone, compared with longitudinal waves. Our study utilises these phenomena to develop a method able to characterise the fatigue state of steel pipes.

Active exterior cloaking of an inclusion with evanescent multipole devices for flexural waves in thin plates.

We present an active exterior cloak for flexural waves propagating in a Kirchhoff plate of infinite extent. The evanescent multipole devices are characterized by Macdonald functions [Formula: see text] of the required order, which, assuming time-harmonic vibrations, are solutions of the fourth-order biharmonic equation. It is shown that in the region of interfering waves, which emanate from the devices, a field is recreated which cancels the incident wave to yield a region of 'stillness'.

Localized waves in elastic plates with perturbed honeycomb arrays of constraints.

In this paper, we study wave propagation in elastic plates incorporating honeycomb arrays of rigid pins. In particular, we demonstrate that topologically non-trivial band-gaps are obtained by perturbing the honeycomb arrays of pins such that the ratio between the lattice spacing and the distance of pins is less than 3; conversely, a larger ratio would lead to the appearance of trivial stop-bands. For this purpose, we investigate band inversion of modes and calculate the valley Chern numbers associated with the dispersion surfaces near the band opening, since the present problem has analogies with the quantum valley Hall effect.

Copy Number Changes and Allele Distribution Patterns of Chromosome 21 in B Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Chromosome 21 is the most affected chromosome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Many of its numerical and structural abnormalities define diagnostically and clinically important subgroups. To obtain an overview about their types and their approximate genetic subgroup-specific incidence and distribution, we performed cytogenetic, FISH and array analyses in a total of 578 ALL patients (including 26 with a constitutional trisomy 21).

Attenuation of Rayleigh waves due to surface roughness.

Rayleigh waves are well known to attenuate due to scattering when they propagate over a rough surface. Theoretical investigations have derived analytical expressions linking the attenuation coefficient to statistical surface roughness parameters, namely, the surface's root mean squared height and correlation length and the Rayleigh wave's wavenumber. In the literature, three scattering regimes have been identified-the geometric (short wavelength), stochastic (short to medium wavelength), and Rayleigh (long wavelength) regimes.

Mimicking reactive high-valent diiron--oxo intermediates of nonheme enzymes by an iron tetracarbene complex.

The first diiron(iii,iv)-μ2-oxo tetracarbene complex is isolated and characterized by SC-XRD, UV/Vis, EPR, Evans' NMR and elemental analysis. CV indicates the presence of a transient high-valent diiron(iv)-μ2-oxo species. Its formation and decay is investigated via UV/Vis kinetics and NMR.

Are There Associations Between Submaximal and Maximal Aerobic Power and International Ski Federation World Cup Ranking in Elite Alpine Skiers?

Purpose: To analyze the predictive value of parameters of submaximal and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise performance on International Ski Federation (Fédération Internationale de Ski) World Cup ranking (FIS ranking) in elite Austrian Alpine skiers.

Methods: Over 7 World Cup seasons (2012-2018), exercise data (maximal oxygen uptake and maximum power output, lactate threshold 2, and ventilatory threshold 2, based on stepwise cycle spiroergometry) were analyzed to determine whether there was a correlation between world FIS ranking and exercise capacity of male and female elite Alpine skiers.

Results: The data of 39 male skiers (age: 27.

Electronic Finetuning of a Bio-inspired Iron(II) tetra-NHC Complex by trans Axial Isocyanide Substitution.

The synthesis of trans axially substituted mono- (1 a) and bis(tert-butylisocyanide) (1 b) derivatives of the highly active homogeneous bio-inspired iron(II) olefin epoxidation (pre-)catalyst 1 bearing an equatorial macrocyclic tetra N-heterocyclic carbene and two trans axial labile acetonitrile ligands is reported. NMR spectroscopy and SC-XRD indicate a considerable π-backdonation from the iron(II) centres to the isocyanide ligand(s). The impact of isocyanide substitution on the electronic features of the complexes is studied by cyclic voltammetry revealing a significant increase in half-cell potential assignable to the reversible Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox couple with an increasing number of isocyanides as a result of their π-accepting properties: E =0.

Upcycling of cotton polyester blended textile waste to new man-made cellulose fibers.

The creation of a circular economy for cellulose based textile waste is supported by the development of an upcycling method for cotton polyester blended waste garments. We present a separation procedure for cotton and polyester using [DBNH] [OAc], a superbase based ionic liquid, which allows the selective dissolution of the cellulose component. After the removal of PET, the resulting solution could be employed to dry-jet wet spin textile grade cellulose fibers down to the microfiber range (0.

Feasibility of Ski Mountaineering for Patients Following a Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Descriptive Field Study.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is socially relevant due to its high prevalence, high incidence and the affected population. A subpopulation of TKA patients exists that strives to be active and also return to sports after total joint replacement. In this context, a further group of TKA patients is interested in high-impact physical activities and want to proceed with such activities even after surgery.

Solid-state NMR method for the quantification of cellulose and polyester in textile blends.

The valorization of cellulose rich textile waste is promoted by the development of a novel solid-state NMR method for the quantification of cellulose and polyester in textile blends. We applied C CP-MAS NMR as a tool for the quantification and structural characterization of cellulose in cotton polyester blends. Gaussian functions were used to integrate the spectra obtained from a set of calibration standards in order to calculate a sigmoidal calibration curve.

Effects of Recreational Ski Mountaineering on Cumulative Muscle Fatigue - A Longitudinal Trial.

Sport is known to have many positive effects on mental and physical health. High-intensity exercise is considered to decrease muscle strength and induce muscle fatigue, which is associated with a higher risk of injury. In recreational alpine skiers, a decrease of eccentric peak hamstring torque, as an indication of muscle fatigue, occurs even after 1 day of skiing.

The effects of 8 weeks of two different training methods on on-sight lead climbing performance.

Background: Despite climbing being an increasingly popular sporting pursuit, there have been very few scientific evaluations of appropriate training methods for competitive climbers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week climbing-specific muscular hypertrophy (MH) or muscular endurance (ME) resistance training program on the on-sight lead climbing performance in a similar setting to a World Cup.

Methods: Twenty-three elite male and female climbers (age: 25.

Localization in semi-infinite herringbone waveguides.

The paper includes novel results for the scattering and localization of a time-harmonic flexural wave by a semi-infinite herringbone waveguide of rigid pins embedded within an elastic Kirchhoff plate. The analytical model takes into account the orientation and spacing of the constituent parts of the herringbone system, and incorporates dipole approximations for the case of closely spaced pins. Illustrative examples are provided, together with the predictive theoretical analysis of the localized waveforms.

Overexpression of the proneural transcription factor ASCL1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a t(12;14)(q23.2;q32.3).

Background: Translocations of the locus on 14q32.3 are present in about 8% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and contribute to leukemogenesis by deregulating the expression of the -partner genes. Identification of these genes and investigation of the downstream effects of their deregulation can reveal disease-causing mechanisms.

Highly Electrophilic, Catalytically Active and Redox-Responsive Cobaltoceniumyl and Ferrocenyl Triazolylidene Coinage Metal Complexes.

A convenient access to a triad of triazoles with ferrocenyl and cobaltoceniumyl substituents is reported. N-Alkylation, deprotonation and metalation with Cu /Ag /Au synthons affords the heteroleptic triazolylidene complexes. Due to the combination of neutral, electron-donating ferrocenyl substituents and cationic, strongly electron-withdrawing cobaltocenium substituents, the mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligands of these complexes are electronically interesting "push-pull", "pull-push" and "pull-pull" metalloligands with further switchable redox states based on their fully reversible Fe /Fe , (ferrocene/ferrocenium) and Co /Co , (cobaltocenium/cobaltocene) redox couples.

Dynamic interfacial trapping of flexural waves in structured plates.

The paper presents new results on the localization and transmission of flexural waves in a structured plate containing a semi-infinite two-dimensional array of rigid pins. In particular, localized waves are identified and studied at the interface boundary between the homogeneous part of the flexural plate and the part occupied by rigid pins. A formal connection has been made with the dispersion properties of flexural Bloch waves in an infinite doubly periodic array of rigid pins.

Binding of molecular oxygen by an artificial heme analogue: investigation on the formation of an Fe-tetracarbene superoxo complex.

The dioxygen reactivity of a cyclic iron(ii) tetra-NHC-complex (NHC: N-heterocyclic carbene) is investigated. Divergent oxidation behavior is observed depending on the choice of the solvent (acetonitrile or acetone). In the first case, exposure to molecular oxygen leads to an oxygen free Fe(iii) whereas in the latter case an oxide bridged Fe(iii) dimer is formed.

Crystal structure of 1-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole dihydrate.

The title compound, C12H11N5·2H2O, which crystallizes as a dihydrate, was obtained by Cu(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cyclo-addition from 2-azido-1-methyl-imidazole and phenyl-ethyne. The dihedral angles between the central triazole ring (r.m.