Cardiorespiratory Fitness and All-Cause Mortality in Women with Metabolic Syndrome.

To examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) and all-cause mortality in women with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). The sample included 1798 women with MetSyn (mean age 50.2 years) who received a comprehensive preventive baseline examination between 1978 and 2016, with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2017.

Mechanisms of an App-Based Physical Activity Intervention and Maintenance in Community-Dwelling Women: Mediation Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Understanding the mechanism of interventions that increase physical activity (PA) is critical to developing robust intervention strategies.

Aims: This study aims to examine the mediation effects of hypothesized changes in self-efficacy, social support, and barriers on daily changes in accelerometer-measured steps and the duration of moderate to vigorous PA over 3-month intervention and 6-month maintenance periods with a mobile phone-based PA education program.

Methods: Data were analyzed for a total of 210 physically inactive women who were randomized.

Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Serum Vitamin D Levels in Healthy Women: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Although physical inactivity, obesity, and low serum vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D] are common among women, joint associations among these biomarkers are not well-described. A total of 7553 healthy women received a comprehensive examination (2006-2018), including self-reported physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist:height ratio (W:HT), percent body fat (%Fat), and 25(OH)D. Participants were divided into four categories of PA based on current guidelines: <500 (not meeting guidelines), 500-1000 (meeting guidelines), 1001-2500 (>1-2.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, white blood cell count, and mortality in men and women.

Background: We examined the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and white blood cell count (WBC) with mortality outcomes.

Methods: A total of 52,056 apparently healthy adults completed a comprehensive health examination, including a maximal treadmill test and blood chemistry analyses. CRF was categorized as high, moderate, or low by age and sex; WBC was categorized as sex-specific quartiles.

Sitting Time, Physical Activity, and Cognitive Impairment in Midlife and Older Adults.

This study cross-sectionally examines the relations of sitting and physical activity (PA) with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling adults aged 55-87 years (n = 3,780). Multivariable logistic regression assessed independent and joint relations of sitting and PA with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores adjusting for covariates. Sitting ≥75% of the time and not meeting PA guidelines were related to 60% (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.

Body mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk over time: Findings from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Few studies have adequately assessed the simultaneous effects of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) and body mass on cardiometabolic risk. Hence, the current study's aims were twofold: (1) To determine whether increases in body mass result in higher cardiometabolic risk after controlling for fitness changes; and (2) To assess whether increases in fitness result in lower cardiometabolic risk after controlling for weight changes. The study consisted of 3534 patients who came for preventive medicine visits ≥4 times over any 10-year period (1979-2019).

A community-based, multi-level, multi-setting, multi-component intervention to reduce weight gain among low socioeconomic status Latinx children with overweight or obesity: The Stanford GOALS randomised controlled trial.

Background: There are few long-term studies of interventions to reduce in low socioeconomic status children with overweight or obesity. The Stanford GOALS trial evaluated a 3-year, community-based, multi-level, multi-setting, multi-component (MMM) systems intervention, to reduce weight gain among low socioeconomic status, Latinx children with overweight or obesity.

Methods: We did a two-arm, parallel group, randomised, open-label, active placebo-controlled trial with masked assessment over 3 years.

Keeping children healthy during and after COVID-19 pandemic: meeting youth physical activity needs.

Background: The purpose of this study was to: 1) examine the maintenance of Physical Education and physical activity during the distance learning time, 2) determine the resources educators are utilizing to deliver PE curricula, and 3) understand the challenges experienced by educators during distance learning.

Methods: A survey was sent to a cohort of school-based fitness assessment software users. Respondents were largely school-based individuals including PE teachers (n = 1789), school (n = 62) and district administrators (n = 64), nurses (n = 3), and "other" (n = 522).

Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Background: The association between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and prostate cancer (PC) remains unclear.

Methods: We compared incident PC rates as a function of the Omega-3 Index [O3I, erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA + DHA)] in 5607 men (40-80 years of age) seen at the Cooper Clinic who were free of PC at baseline. The average follow-up was 5.

Higher omega-3 index is associated with more rapid heart rate recovery in healthy men and women.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can favorably influence cardiac autonomic tone. However, data regarding n-3 PUFA status and heart rate recovery (HRR) in healthy adults are sparse.

Purpose: To examine the association between n-3 PUFA status and HRR.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Serum Vitamin D, and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Men.

Purpose: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), vitamin D deficiency, and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) are prevalent among U.S. adults.

Estimating energy expenditure of head-hauling water and grain grinding from heart rate monitor measurements in northern Mozambique.

Objective: Even though sub-Saharan African women spend millions of person-hours per day fetching water and pounding grain, to date, few studies have rigorously assessed the energy expenditure costs of such domestic activities. As a result, most analyses that consider head-hauling water or hand pounding of grain with a mortar and pestle (pilão use) employ energy expenditure values derived from limited research. The current paper compares estimated energy expenditure values from heart rate monitors v.

Relevance of Fitness to Mortality Risk in Men Receiving Contemporary Medical Care.

Background: An inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality was robustly demonstrated 3 decades ago.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant advances in disease prevention, detection, and treatment since that time have modified this association.

Methods: A total of 47,862 men completed baseline examinations, including a maximal treadmill test.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Mass Index, and Markers of Insulin Resistance in Apparently Healthy Women and Men.

Background: Insulin resistance may be present in healthy adults and is associated with poor health outcomes. Obesity is a risk factor for insulin resistance, but most obese adults do not have insulin resistance. Fitness may be protective, but the association between fitness, weight, and insulin resistance has not been studied in a large population of healthy adults.

Functional Movement Screening Performance and Association With Key Health Markers in Older Adults.

Farrell, SW, Pavlovic, A, Barlow, CE, Leonard, D, DeFina, JR, Willis, BL, DeFina, LF, and Haskell, WL. Functional movement screening performance and association with key health markers in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3021-3027, 2021-We examined Functional Movement Screening (FMS) performance and associations with key health markers among adults aged 55 years or older.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Different Measures of Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk in Women.

Associations among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), different adiposity exposures, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in women are not well defined. A total of 19,838 women completed a baseline examination between 1971 and 2013. Measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height (W:HT) ratio, skinfold-derived percent body fat (% Fat), and CRF estimated from a maximal treadmill test.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, different measures of adiposity, and serum vitamin D levels in African-American adults.

We examined the associations among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), adiposity, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D) levels in African-American (AA) adults. 468 AA patients from the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX were examined between 2007 and 2018. Measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent body fat (%fat) via skinfolds, CRF via a maximal treadmill test, and 25(OH)D.

Short- and Long-term Effects of a Mobile Phone App in Conjunction With Brief In-Person Counseling on Physical Activity Among Physically Inactive Women: The mPED Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Mobile phone applications (apps) and activity trackers allow researchers to remotely deliver an intervention and monitor physical activity but have not been rigorously evaluated for longer periods.

Objective: To determine whether a mobile phone-based physical activity education app, in conjunction with brief in-person counseling, increases and then maintains levels of physical activity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this parallel randomized clinical trial, community-dwelling physically inactive women recruited between May 2011 and April 2014 were randomized in equal proportions into the control (n = 69), regular (n = 71), and plus (n = 70) groups.

Physical Activity, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease.

Purpose: Conduct a systematic umbrella review to evaluate the relationship of physical activity (PA) with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD); to evaluate the shape of the dose-response relationships; and to evaluate these relationships relative to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report.

Methods: Primary search encompassing 2006 to March, 2018 for existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses reporting on these relationships. Graded the strength of evidence using a matrix developed for the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee.

High-Intensity Interval Training for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention.

Purpose: The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee systematically searched existing literature reviews to assess the relationship between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and reduction in cardiometabolic disease risk.

Methods: Duplicate independent screenings of 260 articles identified from PubMed®, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases yielded suitable data from one systematic review and two meta-analyses. Search terms included a combination of "high intensity" "physical activity/exercise" and "interval training" and outcome-specific terms.

Physical activity, sleep and cardiovascular health data for 50,000 individuals from the MyHeart Counts Study.

Studies have established the importance of physical activity and fitness for long-term cardiovascular health, yet limited data exist on the association between objective, real-world large-scale physical activity patterns, fitness, sleep, and cardiovascular health primarily due to difficulties in collecting such datasets. We present data from the MyHeart Counts Cardiovascular Health Study, wherein participants contributed data via an iPhone application built using Apple's ResearchKit framework and consented to make this data available freely for further research applications. In this smartphone-based study of cardiovascular health, participants recorded daily physical activity, completed health questionnaires, and performed a 6-minute walk fitness test.

Association of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality With High Levels of Physical Activity and Concurrent Coronary Artery Calcification.

Importance: Few data are available to guide clinical recommendations for individuals with high levels of physical activity in the presence of clinically significant coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Objective: To assess the association among high levels of physical activity, prevalent CAC, and subsequent mortality risk.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study is a prospective observational study of patients from the Cooper Clinic, a preventive medicine facility.

Association of Educational Attainment and Cardiovascular Risk in Hispanic Individuals: Findings From the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Importance: Hispanic individuals are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States and face lower socioeconomic status compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) individuals. However, Hispanic individuals tend to experience better health outcomes than expected, a phenomenon known as the Hispanic paradox. Little is known about how higher socioeconomic status is associated with Hispanic cardiovascular risk factor burden and outcomes.

The 24-Hour Activity Cycle: A New Paradigm for Physical Activity.

The physiologic mechanisms by which the four activities of sleep, sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) affect health are related, but these relationships have not been well explored in adults. Research studies have commonly evaluated how time spent in one activity affects health. Because one can only increase time in one activity by decreasing time in another, such studies cannot determine the extent that a health benefit is due to one activity versus due to reallocating time among the other activities.