Cold acclimation with shivering improves metabolic health in adults with overweight or obesity.

Cold acclimation increases insulin sensitivity, and some level of muscle contraction appears to be needed for provoking this effect. Here 15 men and (postmenopausal) women with overweight or obesity, the majority of whom had impaired glucose tolerance, were intermittently exposed to cold to induce 1 h of shivering per day over 10 days. We determined the effect of cold acclimation with shivering on overnight fasted oral glucose tolerance (primary outcome) and on skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 translocation (secondary outcome).

In-Vivo Anti-Malarial Activity of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Pax and Thonn in Infected Mice.

Background: Malaria is causing high mortality and morbidity due to resistance to currently available anti-malarial drugs and mosquito's resistance to insecticides. Thus, there is a critical need to search for novel anti-malarial drugs from natural sources. Therefore, this study investigated in vivo antimalarial activities of two Ethiopian medicinal plants, Pax and Thonn, in infected Swiss albino mice.

Morphology and Structure of TiO Nanotube/Carbon Nanostructure Coatings on Titanium Surfaces for Potential Biomedical Application.

Titanium is the most used material for implant production. To increase its biocompatibility, continuous research on new coatings has been performed by the scientific community. The aim of the present paper is to prepare new coatings on the surfaces of the pure Ti Grade 2 and the Ti6Al4V alloy.

Biochar-layered double hydroxide composites for the adsorption of tetracycline from water: synthesis, process modeling, and mechanism.

Antibiotic-contaminated water is a crucial issue worldwide. Thus, in this study, the MgFeCa-layered double hydroxides were supported in date palm-derived biochar (B) using co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and co-pyrolysis methods. It closes gaps in composite design for pharmaceutical pollutant removal, advances eco-friendly adsorbents, and advances targeted water cleanup by investigating synthesis methodologies and gaining new insights into adsorption.

Quantification of titanium and zirconium elements in oral mucosa around healthy dental implants: a case-control pilot study.

Objectives: Metallic particles are detected in different sites of the oral cavity, mainly in patients with peri-implantitis lesions. The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the levels of titanium and zirconium elements in the oral mucosa around healthy implants and to investigate the impact of titanium exogenous contamination on the measurements.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one participants were included in this three-phase study.

Physiological and molecular mechanisms of cold-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis in humans beyond brown adipose tissue.

Exposure to low ambient temperatures has previously been demonstrated to markedly improve glucose homeostasis in both rodents and humans. Although the brown adipose tissue is key in mediating these beneficial effects in rodents, its contribution appears more limited in humans. Hence, the exact tissues and underlying mechanisms that mediate cold-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis in humans remain to be fully established.

Crowd density estimation using deep learning for Hajj pilgrimage video analytics.

Background: This paper focuses on advances in crowd control study with an emphasis on high-density crowds, particularly Hajj crowds. Video analysis and visual surveillance have been of increasing importance in order to enhance the safety and security of pilgrimages in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is considered to be a particularly distinctive event, with hundreds of thousands of people gathering in a small space, which does not allow a precise analysis of video footage using advanced video and computer vision algorithms.

Infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and risk of subsites within the oral cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between high-risk genotypes of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cancer of different subsites of the oral cavity.

Material And Methods: A pooled analysis of five studies included on the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium was conducted. HPV 16 and HPV 18 were considered.

Impact of Histology and Tumor Grade on Clinical Outcomes Beyond 5 Years of Follow-Up in a Large Cohort of Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Introduction: The optimal length for clinical follow-up of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients is unclear. We evaluated the impact of ISUP/WHO tumor grade and histological subtype on short- and long-term survival and risk of recurrence/metastasis in a large cohort of RCC patients.

Patients And Methods: We studied 1679 RCC patients from a single referral center in Italy.

Two-piece zirconia implants supporting all-ceramic crowns: Six-year results of a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to present the 6-year outcomes of a two-piece yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) implant system in partially edentulous patients.

Material And Methods: Forty-nine two-piece zirconia implants were placed in 32 patients systemically healthy. Zirconia abutments were connected with adhesive resin cement.

Metal Exposure and SNCA rs356219 Polymorphism Associated With Parkinson Disease and Parkinsonism.

In the province of Brescia, Italy, historical neurotoxic metal exposure has occurred for several decades. This study aimed to explore the role of metal exposure and genetics on Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Parkinsonism. Cases were enrolled from four local clinics for movement disorders.

Cancer mortality in the oldest old: a global overview.

Background: As a higher proportion of adults live beyond 85 years, their cancer burden is expected to increase. While trends among the oldest old are established for major epithelial cancers (breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers), they are less studied for minor cancers. This study describes age trends of cancer mortality, with emphasis on individuals aged 85+ years.

Comparison of Two Information Sources for Cause-of-Death Follow-up in the Russian Federation: The Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study.

Background: The Asbest chrysotile cohort was set up in Asbest town, Sverdlovsk oblast, Russian Federation, among the current and former workforce of the world's largest operating chrysotile mine and its processing mills, to investigate cancer risk in relation to occupational exposure to chrysotile.

Objectives: The cohort of 35,837 people was followed-up for mortality using cause-of-death information from official death certificates issued by the Civil Act Registration Office (ZAGS) of Sverdlovsk oblast from 1976 to 2015. Data were also retrieved from the electronic cause-of-death registry of the Medical Information Analytical Centre (MIAC) of Sverdlovsk oblast, which was launched in 1990 and operates independently of ZAGS.

Real-world data on cervical cancer risk stratification by cytology and HPV genotype to inform the management of HPV-positive women in routine cervical screening.

Background: HPV16/18 detection may improve cervical cancer risk stratification and better guide which HPV-positive women warrant immediate colposcopy/biopsy. We estimated risks of cervical precancer and cancer by HPV genotype and cytology during the implementation phase of primary HPV testing in Norway.

Methods: A total of 3111 women, aged 34-69 years, testing HPV-positive at baseline and undergoing cytology testing from February 2015 to April 2018 had data available for analysis.

Occupational exposures and odds of gastric cancer: a StoP project consortium pooled analysis.

Background: Gastric cancer pathogenesis represents a complex interaction of host genetic determinants, microbial virulence factors and environmental exposures. Our primary aim was to determine the association between occupations/occupational exposures and odds of gastric cancer.

Methods: We conducted a pooled-analysis of individual-level data harmonized from 11 studies in the Stomach cancer Pooling Project.

Removal of osseointegrated dental implants: a systematic review of explantation techniques.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate current literature regarding available techniques for removal of osseointegrated implants in terms of explantation's success, complications, and bone loss.

Material And Methods: Two reviewers conducted a systematic literature search through electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE), complimented by manual and grey literature searches. Successful explantation was defined as the primary outcome.

Healthy lifestyle and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the EPIC study.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal cancer with currently limited opportunities for early detection and effective treatment. Modifiable factors may offer pathways for primary prevention. In this study, the association between the Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) and PC risk was examined.

Liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: Evolving trends over the last three decades.

Hepatitis C virus infection has been the most common etiology in HCC-related liver transplantation (LT). Since 2014, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have dramatically improved HCV cure. We aimed to study the changing pattern of etiologies and impact in outcome in HCC-related LT according to HCV treatment-era through retrospective analysis of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) database (1987-2017).

A prospective investigation of oral contraceptive use and breast cancer mortality: findings from the Swedish women's lifestyle and health cohort.

Background: The association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and long-term mortality remains uncertain and previous studies have reported conflicting findings. We aim to assess the long-term impact of OC use on all-cause and cancer-specific mortality.

Methods: Out of 49,259 participants, we analysed data on 2120 (4.

Occupations and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium.

Objective: To investigate the associations between head and neck cancer (HNC) risk and occupations.

Methods: We harmonized data on occupations in a pooled analysis of 8839 HNC cases and 13,730 controls in International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations of occupations and HNC risk.

HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer in Romania: High-Risk HPV Prevalence among Ethnic Subpopulations and Regions.

Background: Romania has had one of the highest rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Europe for decades. Data on the high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) prevalence within the Romanian population are crucial for cervical cancer intervention in high risk groups. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hrHPV infection in Romania, identifying high-risk areas for cervical cancer prevention efforts.

Prostate Cancer in World Trade Center Responders Demonstrates Evidence of an Inflammatory Cascade.

An excess incidence of prostate cancer has been identified among World Trade Center (WTC) responders. In this study, we hypothesized that WTC dust, which contained carcinogens and tumor-promoting agents, could facilitate prostate cancer development by inducing DNA damage, promoting cell proliferation, and causing chronic inflammation. We compared expression of immunologic and inflammatory genes using a NanoString assay on archived prostate tumors from WTC Health Program (WTCHP) patients and non-WTC patients with prostate cancer.

Cancer mortality in the elderly in 11 countries worldwide, 1970-2015.

Background: Population ageing results in an increasing cancer burden in the elderly. We aimed to evaluate time-trends in cancer mortality for adults aged 65 and over for 17 major cancer types and all cancers combined in 11 countries worldwide over the period 1970-2015.

Materials And Methods: We obtained cancer death certification and population figures from the WHO and PAHO databases.