Evaluation of multi-drug resistance, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance genes of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from ruminants as a potential human health threat in Razavi Khorasan, northeastern Iran.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a significant foodborne pathogen that poses a threat to human health by causing infections and potentially acquiring antibiotic resistance. We evaluated thirty-five Salmonella serovars previously isolated from cattle, sheep, goats, and their retail meat in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. The isolates were confirmed with Salmonella polyvalent antiserum.

Investigating hydropericardium syndrome with different histopathological techniques in broiler chickens.

Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) has caused significant financial losses to the Iranian poultry industry in the past few years. Thirty-two broiler chickens with gross lesions of HPS were inspected histologically and immunohistochemically. Sampling was performed in Sabzevar, Iran.

Molecular and in silico analyses for detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and highly pathogenic enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) using genetic markers located on plasmid, O Island 57 and O Island 71.

Background: Due to the diversity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates, detecting highly pathogenic strains in foodstuffs is challenging. Currently, reference protocols for STEC rely on the molecular detection of eae and the stx1 and/or stx2 genes, followed by the detection of serogroup-specific wzx or wzy genes related to the top 7 serogroups. However, these screening methods do not distinguish between samples in which a STEC possessing both determinants are present and those containing two or more organisms, each containing one of these genes.

Antimicrobial resistance, β-lactamase genotypes, and plasmid replicon types of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from different animal hosts.

Aims: The primary objective of this study was to analyze antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with a particular focus on β-lactamase genotypes and plasmid replicon types of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains originating from various animal hosts.

Methods And Results: A total of 84 STEC strains were isolated from cattle (n = 32), sheep/goats (n = 26), pigeons (n = 20), and wild animals (n = 6) between 2010 and 2018 in various regions of Iran. The Kirby-Bauer susceptibility test and multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels were employed to elucidate the correlation between AMR and plasmid replicon types in STEC isolates.

A cell-based subtractive panning strategy for selection of conformation-specific single-chain variable-fragment (scFv) against dimerization domain of EGFR.

Background And Objective: Overexpression of EGFR, a member of the ErbB receptor family, has been observed in several cancers and causes resistance to therapeutic antibodies, such as Herceptin. In this study, we produced a recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody against the EGFR dimerization domain.

Methods: The recombinant scFv was generated using a cell-based subtractive panning strategy.

Antimicrobial resistance, virulence associated genes and phylogenetic background versus plasmid replicon types: the possible associations in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC).

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial isolates from food producing animals not only challenges the preventive and therapeutic strategies in veterinary medicine, but also threatens public health. Genetic elements placed on both chromosome and plasmids could be involved in AMR. In the present study, the associations of genomic backbone and plasmids with AMR were evaluated.

RAP1GAP Functions as a Tumor Suppressor Gene and Is Regulated by DNA Methylation in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, such as RAP1GAP, by hypermethylation of their regulatory region can give rise to thyroid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the RAP1GAP gene and the DNA methylation patterns of its CpG74a, CpG74b, and CpG24 in an Iranian population with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In this study, 160 individuals who underwent thyroidectomy in the Tehran Erfan Hospital between 2018 and 2020 were selected.

Design, development, and evaluation of the efficacy of a nucleic acid-free version of a bacterial ghost candidate vaccine against avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) O78:K80 serotype.

One of the major bacterial infectious diseases in the poultry industry is avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), which causes colibacillosis in chickens. To develop a novel nucleic acid-free bacterial ghost (BG) vaccine against the O78:K80 serotype of APEC, in this study we constructed a plasmid that harbored E-lysis and S nuclease (SNUC). Following the expression, the O78:K80 bacteria lost all of their cytoplasmic content and nucleic acids by enzymatic digestion.

Identification of Aptamers that Specifically Bind to A Antigen by Performing Cell-on Human Erythrocytes.

Background: The apply of aptamers as a new generation's way to probe diagnostic for the detection of target molecules has gained ground. Aptamers can be used as alternatives to diagnostic antibodies for detection of blood groups due to their unique features. This study was aimed to produce DNA diagnostic aptamer detecting the antigen of A blood group using the Cell-Selex method.

Reverse Genetics Assembly of Newcastle Disease Virus Genome Template Using Asis-Sal-Pac BioBrick Strategy.

Background: The BioBrick construction as an approach in synthetic biology provides the ability to assemble various gene fragments. To date, different BioBrick strategies have been exploited for assembly and cloning of a variety of gene fragments. We present a new BioBrick strategy, here referred as Asis-Sal-Pac BioBrick, which we used for the assembly of NDV as a candidate for single-stranded non-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome viruses.

The design and application of a bacterial ghost vaccine to evaluate immune response and defense against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O2:K1 serotype.

An Escherichia coli (E. coli) O2:K1 bacterial ghost was produced by controlled expression of bacteriophage PhiX 174 lysis gene E. Temperature controlled expression of this gene caused tunnels and holes in the cell wall of E.

MafA Overexpression: A New Efficient Protocol for In Vitro Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Insulin-Producing Cells.

Objective: We proposed a novel differentiation method for the efficient differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) into functional insulin-producing cells (IPCs) based on overexpression.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, a eukaryotic expression vector containing [/pcDNA3.1(+)] was constructed and purified.

The combined effect of overexpression and Shh manipulation on the function of insulin-producing cells derived from adipose-tissue stem cells.

Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) are the key regulators of beta-cell function. experiments have shown that there is significant cooperation between Pdx1 and Shh with regard to the production and maintenance of insulin-producing cells (IPCs). In this study, the combined effect of overexpression and Shh manipulation on the function of adipose tissue-derived IPCs was determined.

Improvement of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into the endoderm lineage by four step sequential method in biocompatible biomaterial.

Introduction: The goal of the study described here, was to investigate the potential of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSCs) into hepatocyte like cells in a sequential 2D and 3D differentiation protocols as alternative therapy.

Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from the umbilical cord (UC) and CD markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. For hepatic differentiation of UC-MSCs, cells were induced with a sequential 4-step protocol in 3D and 2D culture system.

Effect of Enrofloxacin on Histochemistry, Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Changes in Lamb Articular Cartilage.

Enrofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent from the class of the fluoroquinolones that is widely used to treat bacterial infections. It is metabolized to ciprofloxacin in the body as active metabolite. Fluoroquinolones change in the articular cartilage, especially with high doses and more than two weeks use.

A bioinformatic approach to check the spatial epitope structure of an immunogenic protein coded by DNA vaccine plasmids.

In this study, we used an approach to check the Hemagglutinin antigen-antibodies interactions after fusion of one or two gene segments to Hemagglutinin gene in some influenza DNA vaccines. We designed different DNA vaccine constructs containing Hemagglutinin 9 (H9) gene fused to four or eight 29 amino acids of C3d (4/8P29C3d) and/or 3, 4 domains of the Fc part of IgY (FcIgY) coding sequences. As there are receptors for P29C3d and FcIgY on the immune cells, fused H9 are targeted to these cells.

Evaluation of different primers for detection of Brucella in human and animal serum samples by using PCR method.

Background: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method can overcome the limitations of conventional methodology. The aim of this study is to evaluate three primer pairs broadly used B4/B5, F4/R2 and JPF/JPR, for detection of Brucella by PCR, in human and animal serum samples and to determine analytic sensitivity of primers.

Methods: Total of 68 serum samples were collected during the acute phase of brucellosis.

Expression of Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) is Increased by Cinnamaldehyde in C2C12 Mouse Muscle Cells.

Background: In diabetes mellitus because of the absence or insufficient sensitivity to insulin, glucose transporter protein in cell membrane, glucose transporter 4, is decreased. GLUT4 is the major glucose transporter in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, which is under control of insulin. It remains, however, unclear whether cinnamaldehyde plays a regulatory role(s) or not.

Serodiagnosis of human hydatidosis with an ELISA developed based on antigens derived from sheep hydatid cysts and comparison with a commercial human ELISA kit.

Objective: To explore the serodiagnosis of hydatid cyst in human using different antigens of sheep (hydatid fluid, Somatic and Excretory/secretory antigens of protoscolex) by ELISA and compares this result with commercial human ELISA kit.

Methods: One hundred blood samples from patients with history of severe abdominal pain and eosinophilia were obtained. Ten serum samples were obtained from surgically and pathologically confirmed cystic echinococcosis patients from Mashhad university hospital as positive control and 5 serum samples from infant under one year old as negative control.

Sonic hedgehog inhibition induces mouse embryonic stem cells to differentiate toward definitive endoderm.

In the experimental group (shh inhibited group), there were significant decreases in the expression of Oct4, Nanog, Shh, GATA4, Brachyury and Goosecoid, while increases were observed for TAT and Pdx1. The expression of Sox17 did not differ between two control and experimental groups. In experimental group, the amount of GSC positive cells was somehow lower but it seems that there was no difference for Sox17.

Gamma Tocopherol and Lovastatin Additively Induced Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line (HT29).

Background: Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a physiological process needed to remove unwanted or damaged cells. It has been hypothesized that any failure of programmed cell death leads to the development of neoplasm. Identifying new agents which induce apoptosis in tumor cells is of great significance in treatment of neoplasms.

Kinetics of gene expression during exposure of mouse stem cells to activin A.

This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of gene expression induced by activin A in mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs). Mouse ES cells cultured in undifferentiated state by leukemia inhibitory factor and feeder layer cells. Following removing these two anti differentiation factors for 5 days and forming Embryoid Bodies (EBs), the cells divided to 8 equal cells per groups.