Dual Checkpoint Inhibition in M2 Macrophages via Anti-PD-L1 and siRNA-Loaded M1-Exosomes: Enhancing Tumor Immunity through RNA-Targeting Strategies.

The interaction between a cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) on cancer cells and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages is thought to hinder macrophage phagocytic activity, which can be blocked by combining siRNAs targeting SIRPα (siSIRPα) with simultaneous involvement of activating receptors like FcRs (Fc receptors) anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1). For this study, M1 macrophage-derived exosomes were used to deliver the siRNAs, isolated from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and electroporated with siSIRPα.

Interferon Point Alteration in Hospitalized Patients with and Without COVID-19.

Introduction: Integrating traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine has been extensively studied in managing respiratory disease. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine interferon point alteration (IPA) and its association with disease severity in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 with lung involvement.

Enhancing the anti-tumor activity and reprogramming M2 macrophages by delivering siRNAs against SIRPα and STAT6 via M1 exosomes and combining with anti-PD-L1.

Background: The invasive property of breast cancer and the complex composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) antibodies like anti-PD-L1, can inhibit tumor growth by promoting macrophage phagocytosis. In this research, we used anti-PD-L1 antibody and siRNAs targeting SIRPα (siSIRPα) and STAT6 (siSTAT6). The siRNAs were transported to macrophages using M1-derived exosomes.

The relationship between breast cancer and thyroid autoimmune disorders in southeast Iran: A case-control study.

To better understand the role of thyroid hormones in regulating the growth of breast epithelial cells and the estrogen-like effects of these hormones, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between breast cancer and thyroid autoimmune disorders in southeast Iran women. In this case-control study, in the case group, all newly diagnosed breast cancer pa-tients referred to the oncology clinics in Zahedan city in years 2021‒2022 were studied. The num-ber of participants in each group was represented by 40 breast cancer patients.

An overview of fucoidan electrospun nanofibers: Fabrication, modification, characterizations and applications.

Nanofibers provide tunable attributes which make them promising for various applications. The electrospinning technique provides nanofibers with a large surface area and eases functionalization for various food and pharmaceutical applications. Numerous biopolymers have been employed to produce nanofibers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and absorbability.

Association between , , , and gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk.

Aim: In this study, we examined the polymorphisms of (rs13252298, rs1456315), (rs4848320) (rs7158663), (rs7853346) genes in BC patients and compared it with healthy individuals in an Iranian population.

Method: The assessment of genetic polymorphisms was conducted using PCR - RFLP and PCR-Tetra ARMS methods.

Results & Conclusion: The results showed that Codominant, Dominant and G allele of rs13252298 polymorphism and Dominant of rs1456315 polymorphism are correlated with increased risk of BC.

The association between neutrophil and lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome among Iranian population, finding from Bandare Kong cohort study.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the co-occurrence of various metabolic risk factors, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study investigates the potential of hematological indices, specifically the neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), as predictors of MetS in a population from southern Iran.

Methods: Utilizing baseline data from the Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Diseases (BKNCD) Cohort, part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), A total of 2,684 participants aged 35-70 years were analyzed.

SARS-COV-2 ORF9b Dysregulate Fibrinogen and Albumin Genes in a Liver Cell Line.

Background: Individuals experiencing severe cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibited elevated fibrinogen levels and decreased albumin levels, potentially linked to the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins. Consequently, our study endeavors to examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b on the expression of fibrinogen and albumin genes within the Hep-G2 cell line.

Methods: In this study, the Hep-G2 liver cell line was utilized alongside the plasmid pcDNA3.

Insights into kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic of ultrasound mode- and amplitude-dependent carotenoid and chlorophyll degradation or/and adsorption.

Experimental data were analyzed to investigate the underlying adsorption or degradation mechanism of carotenoids and chlorophylls over the bleaching of sunflower oil through different amplitudes of horn and bath ultrasound (ultrasound-assisted bleaching; UAB), temperature, time, and bleaching clay. Quantifying the color removal efficiency in both batch and continuous systems, along with the corresponding process time and energy consumption, is paramount for evaluating the energy-related performance of the treatment method. The adsorption of pigments onto activated bentonite was notably rapid and effective when ultrasound was employed.

In vitro and silico activity of piperlongumine against azole-susceptible/resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and terbinafine-susceptible/resistant Trichophyton species.

In recent years, the widespread emergence of drug resistance in yeasts and filamentous fungi to existing antifungal armamentariums has become a severe threat to global health. There is also concern regarding increased rates of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus and Terbinafine resistance in Trichophyton species. To overcome this concern of resistance to regular therapies, new antifungal drugs with novel and effective mechanisms are crucially needed.

Predicting acetabular version in native hip joints through plain x-ray radiographs: a comparative analysis of convolutional neural network model and the current gold standard, with insights and implications for hip arthroplasty.

Introduction: This study presents the development and validation of a Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for estimating acetabular version (AV) from native hip plain radiographs.

Methods: Utilizing a dataset comprising 300 participants with unrelated pelvic complaints, the CNN model was trained and evaluated against CT-Scans, considered the gold standard, using a 5-fold cross-validation.

Results: Notably, the CNN model exhibited a robust performance, demonstrating a strong Pearson correlation with CT-Scans (right hip: = 0.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric bloodstream infections and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria, 2020-2022.

Background: Alteration in the etiology of pediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not well known during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric BSIs and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria.

Methods: The frequency of BSIs among children under 18 years old was retrospectively recorded in a tertiary children's hospital in Tehran, Iran from February 2020 to December 2022.

The effect of synbiotics in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy and the parental burden of caregivers: a single-arm pretest-posttest trial.

Background: In patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), the composition of the gut microbiome changes compared to drug-sensitive patients and healthy individuals. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, aim to improve the balance of bacteria in the gut microbiome. This study aimed to assess the effect of synbiotics on the treatment of DRE and the burden on caregivers.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles therapy for primary ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies.

Background: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) manifests with hormonal imbalances, menstrual irregularities, follicle loss, and infertility. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are emerging as a promising treatment for POI. This systematic review aims to assess the effects of MSC-EVs on follicle number, hormonal profile, and fertility in POI animal models.

The association between nutritional status measured by body mass index and outcomes in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Aim/introduction: The relationship between nutritional status upon admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and clinical outcomes remains unclear. We examined the relationship between nutrition status, as indicated by body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age), and clinical outcomes in the PICU.

Method: In this retrospective study at a tertiary care center, records of 1,015 critically ill children and adolescents aged one month to 18 years old with available anthropometric parameters were included.

Safety, Efficacy, and Biomarker Analysis of Crizotinib in MET-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Results from the Drug Rediscovery Protocol.

Purpose: To provide patients with MET-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (METmut aNSCLC) access to crizotinib, further substantiate evidence of its efficacy and safety in this setting, and find potential biomarkers for nonresponse.

Patients And Methods: In the Drug Rediscovery Protocol (NCT0295234), patients with an actionable molecular profile are treated with off-label registered drugs. Both treated and untreated patients with aNSCLC harboring MET exon 14 skipping or other MET mutations received crizotinib 250 mg BID until disease progression or intolerable toxicity.

Single-arm trial of neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab with chemoradiotherapy in patients with resectable and borderline resectable lung cancer: the INCREASE study.

Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), chemoradiotherapy (CRT) yields pathological complete response (pCR) rates of approximately 30%. We investigated using ipilimumab plus nivolumab (IPI-NIVO) with neoadjuvant CRT in resectable, and borderline resectable NSCLC.

Methods: This single-arm, phase-II trial enrolled operable T3-4N0-2 patients with NSCLC without oncogenic drivers.

Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of S3I-201 in breast cancer mouse model through Wharton jelly- exosome.

Objective: Exosomes, membrane-enveloped vesicles found in various cell types, including Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells, play a crucial role in intercellular communication and regulation. Their use as a cell-free nanotechnology and drug delivery system has attracted attention. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a major global health problem and is characterized by a high mortality rate.

Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages using exosomes from M1 macrophages.

Macrophages, abundant in tumors, are classified as M1 or M2 types with M2 dominating the tumor microenvironment. Shifting macrophages from M2 to M1 using exosomes is a promising intervention. The properties of exosomes depend on their source cells.

Effects of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation on cardiometabolic health in overweight subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Background: Obesity is a significant public health issue associated with various chronic diseases. Research has indicated that chia seeds have the potential to improve cardiometabolic health. However, due to the diversity of research and inconsistencies in study design, further investigation is needed to fully understand their clinical effects on overweight individuals.

Synthesis, cytotoxicity and Tc-MIBI tumor cell uptake evaluation of 2-phenylbenzothiazole tagged triazole derivatives.

The extensive utilization of 2-phenylbenzothiazole due to their wide array of biological activities, particularly in cancer therapy, has caused great attention to explore more potent derivatives. We report the synthesis of 2-phenylbenzothiazole tagged 1,2,3-triaozle through Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition of alkyne side chain with aryl-substituted azides. The experiments, using MTT and 99mTc-MIBI cell uptake methods, demonstrated the remarkable anticancer activity of these compounds against A549, SKOV3 and MCF7 cell lines.

Molecular Cloning of the Extracellular Lipases of Isolated from Agrifood Wastes.

Background: The lipase enzyme (EC: 3.1.1.