Astigmatism and its determinants in the Tehran population: the Tehran eye study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of astigmatism and its epidemiological risk factors in Tehran via a population-based study.

Methods: By means of a stratified random cluster sampling, 6497 citizens representing a cross-section of the population of Tehran were selected from 160 clusters. Eligible people were recruited through a door-to-door household survey in the selected clusters and transferred to a clinic for an extensive eye examination and interview.

Anterior chamber depth measurement with a-scan ultrasonography, Orbscan II, and IOLMaster.

Purpose: The authors conducted a comparison of anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurement by 3 devices of EchoScan, Orbscan II, and IOLMaster to assess the validity of the latter 2 and its reliability with Orbscan II.

Methods: Forty-four myopic patients, 56.8% female, were enrolled in this prospective study.

Distribution of intraocular pressure in healthy Iranian individuals: the Tehran Eye Study.

Aim: To provide data on the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in an Iranian population.

Methods: Through a population based, cross sectional study, 4565 Tehran citizens were studied in the Tehran Eye Study. The findings from the participants (n = 3834) aged 10 years and older free of glaucoma diagnosis or suspicion who had undergone applanation tonometry examination are presented.

Refractive outcome of silicone oil removal and intraocular lens implantation using laser interferometry.

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive outcome of silicone oil removal and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using laser interferometry.

Methods: Thirteen silicone oil-filled eyes of 12 patients were included in the study. IOL power calculation was performed using laser interferometry (IOLMaster V1.

The age- and gender-specific prevalences of refractive errors in Tehran: the Tehran Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the age- and gender-specific prevalences of refractive errors in Tehran through a population-based study.

Methods: A total of 6497 citizens representing a cross-section of the population of Tehran were sampled from 160 clusters using a stratified, random, cluster sampling strategy. Eligible people were enumerated through a door-to-door household survey in the selected clusters and were invited to participate.

Evaluation of the prophylactic use of mitomycin-C to inhibit haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy in high myopia: a prospective clinical study.

Background: To study the effect of prophylactic application of mitomycin-C on haze formation in photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for high myopia.

Methods: Fifty-four eyes of 28 myopic patients were enrolled in this prospective study. All eyes were operated by PRK followed by 0.

Prospective, randomized, paired comparison of laser epithelial keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for myopia less than -6.50 diopters.

Purpose: We compared predictability, efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction following laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low to moderate myopia with either the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser or the Technolas 217C excimer laser.

Methods: Forty-two patients with spherical equivalent refraction in the range -1.00 to -6.

The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Tehran: the Tehran Eye Study.

Aims: To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Tehran, Iran, through a population based study.

Methods: In a population based, cross sectional study, 6497 Tehran citizens were sampled from 160 clusters using a stratified, random, cluster sampling strategy. The eligible people were enumerated through a door to door household survey in the selected clusters and were invited.

The Tehran Eye Study: research design and eye examination protocol.

Background: Visual impairment has a profound impact on society. The majority of visually impaired people live in developing countries, and since most disorders leading to visual impairment are preventable or curable, their control is a priority in these countries. Considering the complicated epidemiology of visual impairment and the wide variety of factors involved, region specific intervention strategies are required for every community.

Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopic astigmatism with the Nidek EC-5000 laser.

Purpose: We studied the efficacy, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for moderate to high simple and compound myopic astigmatism.

Methods: Ninety-two eyes of 46 consecutive patients who had LASIK for myopic astigmatism (64 eyes, astigmatism 3.00 to 9.

Rehabilitation of war-injured patients with implants: analysis of 442 implants placed during a 6-year period.

Purpose: This retrospective study assessed the overall outcome of dental implants used for the rehabilitation of war-injured victims during the 6-year period from 1992 to 1998.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-three patients suffering various maxillofacial war injuries were rehabilitated using the Brånemark implant system. A total of 442 implants were placed.

A quantitative corneal topography index for detection of keratoconus.

Background: Detection of keratoconus has become a critical issue in patients who are potential candidates for refractive surgical procedures. In eyes with early stages of keratoconus, slit-lamp corneal changes are either absent or too subtle for detection, and keratometry may be normal. Videokeratography systems have greater sensitivity for detection of such cases, but interpretation of the topographic map is sometimes difficult, especially when pathologies with similar topographic patterns are suspected.

Stump pressure, electroencephalographic changes, and the contralateral carotid artery: another look at selective shunting.

Background: Selective shunting during carotid endarterectomy is associated with the lowest operative stroke rate; therefore, patient selection for carotid shunting is critical. Electroencephalography (EEG) can detect ischemic brain cell dysfunction before irreversible injury. The carotid stump back pressure (CSP) has been inconsistent in determining the need for shunting, and contralateral carotid disease has had a variable impact.

Foregut revascularization via retrograde splenic artery perfusion after resection of a juxtaceliac mycotic aneurysm: complicated by pancreatic infarction because of cholesterol emboli.

A 66-year-old woman had development of a rapidly enlarging juxtaceliac mycotic aneurysm after therapy for lumbar osteomyelitis and a psoas abscess. The aneurysm was repaired through a thoracoabdominal approach with a Dacron aortic graft sewn end to end to the thoracic aorta and end to side to the infrarenal aorta. Perfusion was restored after oversewing the abdominal aorta above the superior mesenteric artery and oversewing the celiac trunk.

Is transcranial Doppler a worthwhile addition to screening tests for cerebrovascular disease?

Purpose: Carotid duplex imaging has become the standard diagnostic evaluation for patients with suspected cerebrovascular disease. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography expands the noninvasive diagnostic capabilities to the intracranial circulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of routine transcranial Doppler studies on patients referred for noninvasive cerebrovascular evaluation.

The piezoelectric pulse sensor device: a prospective evaluation.

The goal of this prospective study of the piezoelectric pulse sensor device was to determine its technical applications and its ability to detect lower extremity occlusive arterial disease. Ten extremities (five volunteers) were evaluated to assess the ability to place the sensor in the correct anatomic position on a foot without a palpable pulse during cuff occlusion so that pulsatile flow would be detected following cuff deflation; its sensitivity as an end-point detector for pulsatile perfusion; and whether there is a linear qualitative pulse wave response with increasing perfusion pressures. Forty extremities (20 patients) with suspected occlusive arterial disease were studied to evaluate its capability of detecting perfusion as compared with the presence of a palpable pulse, an audible Doppler signal, and a foot volume waveform.

Practical induction heating coil designs for clinical hyperthermia with ferromagnetic implants.

Interstitial techniques for hyperthermia therapy of cancer continue to evolve in response to requirements for better localization and control over heating of deep seated tissues. Magnetic induction heating of ferromagnetic implants is one of several available techniques for producing interstitial hyperthermia, using thermal conduction to redistribute heat within an array of controlled temperature "hot sources." This report describes seven induction heating coil designs that can be used for producing strong magnetic fields around ferromagnetic seed implants located in different sites in the body.

The cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome: diagnostic value of ocular pneumoplethysmography.

Purpose: There were two purposes to our study. The first was to characterize the ocular hyperperfusion associated with carotid endarterectomy. The second was to relate ocular hyperperfusion to the clinical presentation of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome.

Venous duplex imaging for the diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombosis.

Acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) continues to be a common clinical problem requiring objective evaluation. Hemodynamic testing for acute DVT has been popular, but is inadequate for evaluating asymptomatic patients and symptomatic patients with isolated calf vein thrombi. Venous duplex imaging (VDI) has rapidly gained in popularity, and is generally accepted to be the noninvasive technique of choice for the evaluation of patients with acute DVT.

'Otorrhagia'. A symptom of posterior auricular artery aneurysm.

There are many reports regarding aneurysms of the external carotid artery and its branches, but the case presented in this paper, of an aneurysm of the posterior auricular artery, is a unique one.