Non-colorectal Cancer Screening and Vaccinations in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Review.

Description: The aim of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Clinical Practice Update (CPU) is to provide best practice advice (BPA) statements for gastroenterologists and other health care providers who provide care to patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The focus is on IBD-specific screenings (excluding colorectal cancer screening, which is discussed separately) and vaccinations. We provide guidance to ensure that patients are up to date with the disease-specific cancer screenings, vaccinations, as well as advice for mental health and general wellbeing.

The Utility of Patency Capsule in Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Background: Video capsule retention is a complication that can have serious consequences in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The patency capsule was developed to detect small bowel strictures. The usefulness of patency capsules in patients who do not have evidence of small bowel disease on imaging is uncertain.

Are biopsies from endoscopically normal terminal ileum necessary?

Background: The terminal ileum is typically examined during colonoscopies, especially in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and diarrhea. The yield from performing biopsies of endoscopically normal appearing terminal ileum is less clear, and may be associated with greater costs, healthcare utilization and risk. We aimed to determine whether the biopsy results from endoscopically normal terminal ileum affect clinical management.

Response to Upadacitinib in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Previously Treated with Tofacitinib.

Background And Aims: Upadacitinib is an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor approved in the United States for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). However, data regarding its use following prior treatment with the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib is sparse. As such, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of upadacitinib therapy following tofacitinib exposure.

Inflammatory bowel disease burden in the Middle East and North Africa Region: a comprehensive analysis of incidence, prevalence, and mortality from 1990-2019.

Background: The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has changed rapidly in recent years. Objective data concerning the IBD burden in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is limited. We aimed to provide a systematic report on the IBD burden in the MENA region.

The Use of Immunomodulators, Biologic Therapies, and Small Molecules in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Solid Organ Transplant.

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may require solid organ transplants (SOTs) for multiple reasons, making its prevalence slightly higher than the general population. Although immunosuppression used in SOT may help control IBD-related inflammation, many patients still require additional immunosuppressive medications. We aim to assess the effectiveness and safety of the combination of SOT-related immunosuppression and IBD medications in patients with liver, kidney, or heart transplantation.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and capsule endoscopy in patients with diabetes: a matched cohort study.

Background And Aims: Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is valuable for assessing conditions like GI bleeding, anemia, and inflammatory bowel disease. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are prescribed for diabetes and weight loss, with their pharmacologic effects including delayed gastric emptying. This study investigates the impact of GLP-1 RA use on VCE outcomes in patients with diabetes.

Pelvic Radiation Therapy Increases Risk of Pouch Failure in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ileal Pouch.

Background: The effect of radiation on the ileal pouch is less well studied in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Aims: This retrospective study investigates the impact of external radiation therapy on the outcomes of ileal pouches.

Methods: The study included 82 patients with IBD and ileal pouches, of whom 12 received pelvic radiation, 16 abdominal radiation, 14 radiation in other fields, and 40 served as controls with no radiation.

Risk of Small Intestine Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Study from a Large Multi-Center Database in the United States.

Introduction: The risk of small bowel cancer (SBC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. We compared the recent trends of SBC in patients with IBD and stratified them based on disease type.

Methods: We used TriNetX database to access the electronic health records for patients with IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) from 2005-2024.

Metformin Is Associated With Improved Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Metformin exerts anti-inflammatory properties through a positive effect on oxidative stress, gut barrier integrity, and the gut microbiota. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of metformin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database in patients with IBD and T2DM who initiated metformin vs oral hypoglycemics or insulin (control cohort) between August 31, 2002, and August 31, 2022.

Does Timing of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Matter in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Orthotopic Liver Transplantation? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Pouchitis is the most common complication in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), which can develop in up to 66% of patients. There is limited data on the effect of orthoptic liver transplantation (OLT) on the risk of developing pouchitis. We aimed to objectively assess whether OLT itself significantly modifies the risk of developing pouchitis in patients with overlap PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

The national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in the United States from 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study database.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) epidemiology has changed rapidly in recent years. We aimed to provide a systematic report of the burden of IBD at a state level in the United States (US), and to study the age- and sex-specific trends of incidence, prevalence and mortality rates for the past 3 decades.

Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study Database, we examined the incidence, prevalence and mortality rate, and the disability-adjusted life-years from GBD 2019 at national and state level from 1990-2019.

Successful Preoperative Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Portal Decompression in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cirrhosis Requiring Surgical Intervention.

Background: Colorectal surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cirrhosis has increased morbidity, which may preclude surgery. Preoperative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is postulated to reduce surgical risk. In this retrospective single-center study, we characterized perioperative outcomes in patients with IBD and cirrhosis who underwent preoperative TIPS.

Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes mellitus and outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) show anti-inflammatory properties.

Aim: To evaluate their clinical impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study utilising the TriNetX database comparing IBD-specific outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on GLP-1RA compared to oral hypoglycaemic agents.

Nutritional Profile, Disease Severity, and Quality of Life of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Diet is thought to play an important role in the clinical course and quality of life (QOL) of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, dietary habits of patients with IBD are still unknown. This case-control study aims to compare the dietary habits of patients with IBD to healthy controls and evaluate differences in disease severity and QOL.

The Natural History After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study From the United States.

Introduction: There are limited data regarding the natural history after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). The principal objectives of this study were to identify 4 key outcomes in the natural history after IPAA within 1, 3, 5, and 10 years: the incidence of pouchitis, Crohn's-like disease of the pouch, use of advanced therapies after IPAA, and pouch failure requiring excision in a network of electronic health records.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in TriNetX, a research network of electronic health records.

Sirolimus Use in Refractory Crohn's Disease.

Treatment options for patients with inflammatory bowel disease are constantly evolving; however, medication-refractory disease remains an issue. Pediatric case series show the potential benefit of sirolimus therapy in refractory Crohn's disease (CD); however, limited data exist in adult patients. As such, we retrospectively identified and report clinical outcomes for 4 patients prescribed sirolimus for treatment of refractory CD.

Overt gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cancer: Clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) between cancer patients (CP) and non-cancer patients (NCP).

Methods: This was a prospective study of patients admitted with overt GIB between 2013 and 2021. GIB etiology, management and outcomes including rebleeding and mortality, were compared between CP and NCP, and among patients with different types of cancer.

Clinical characteristics of symptomatic young patients with colonic adenomas.

Background: The incidence of colonic adenomas and colorectal cancer has been on the rise among young patients. In this study, we aimed to describe the characteristics of young patients (<50 years) with adenomatous polyps and to characterize those polyps. We also aimed to determine appropriate surveillance intervals for young patients.