Evaluating video-supported layperson CPR compared to a standard training course: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: While just-in-time (JIT) training is associated with time and cost savings, limited evidence directly compares layperson CPR performance using JIT videos to in-person CPR courses. We measured layperson CPR performance using a JIT video compared to an in-person course or no training.

Methods: Adult employees at a professional sports stadium were randomized to perform CPR in a simulated scenario a) after completing an AHA HeartSaver® course, b) using a JIT training video, or c) neither (control).

Characterizing syndemic HIV risk profiles and mHealth intervention acceptability among patients in the emergency department.

proposes that co-occurring, mutually reinforcing psychosocial challenges (mental health, substance use, minority stress [discrimination/stigma], abuse, unmet basic needs) drive HIV risk behavior and create barriers to care for marginalized populations. It is thus necessary to address this holistic, complex picture in HIV prevention. Emergency department (ED) visits are a prime opportunity to engage key risk groups, given their low engagement in regular clinic-based care and high utilization of drop-in care via EDs.

Formative Perceptions of a Digital Pill System to Measure Adherence to Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Heart failure (HF) affects 6.2 million Americans and is a leading cause of hospitalization. The mainstay of the management of HF is adherence to pharmacotherapy.

Informing Acceptability and Feasibility of Digital Phenotyping for Personalized HIV Prevention among Marginalized Populations Presenting to the Emergency Department.

For marginalized populations with ongoing HIV epidemics, alternative methods are needed for understanding the complexities of HIV risk and delivering prevention interventions. Due to lack of engagement in ambulatory care, such groups have high utilization of drop-in care. Therefore, emergency departments represent a location with those at highest risk for HIV and in highest need of novel prevention methods.

The differences in code status conversation approaches reported by emergency medicine and palliative care clinicians: A mixed-method study.

Background: During acute health deterioration, emergency medicine and palliative care clinicians routinely discuss code status (e.g., shared decision making about mechanical ventilation) with seriously ill patients.

Twenty Years After the EMS Research Agenda: Trends in Emergency Medical Services Publications and Research Funding.

Study Objective: Since its publication in 2001, the National EMS Research Agenda has brought attention to a relative paucity of emergency medical services (EMS)-specific research and has called for an increase in funding and infrastructure to support EMS research. We investigated the trends in EMS-specific publications and National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research grants in the 20 years since this landmark publication.

Methods: We performed a structured PubMed search of English-language citations from 2001 to 2020 to identify publications with populations, settings, or topics related to EMS care, education, or operations.

A Pilot of Digital Whiteboards for Improving Patient Satisfaction in the Emergency Department: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Electronic paper (E-paper) screens use electrophoretic ink to provide paper-like low-power displays with advanced networking capabilities that may potentially serve as an alternative to traditional whiteboards and television display screens in hospital settings. E-paper may be leveraged in the emergency department (ED) to facilitate communication. Providing ED patient status updates on E-paper screens could improve patient satisfaction and overall experience and provide more equitable access to their health information.

Development and Validation of a Respiratory-Responsive Vocal Biomarker-Based Tool for Generalizable Detection of Respiratory Impairment: Independent Case-Control Studies in Multiple Respiratory Conditions Including Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and COVID-19.

Background: Vocal biomarker-based machine learning approaches have shown promising results in the detection of various health conditions, including respiratory diseases, such as asthma.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether a respiratory-responsive vocal biomarker (RRVB) model platform initially trained on an asthma and healthy volunteer (HV) data set can differentiate patients with active COVID-19 infection from asymptomatic HVs by assessing its sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio (OR).

Methods: A logistic regression model using a weighted sum of voice acoustic features was previously trained and validated on a data set of approximately 1700 patients with a confirmed asthma diagnosis and a similar number of healthy controls.

Media and technology usage and attitudes in emergency department patients.

Introduction: Digital health technologies are increasingly being used in emergency medicine, many of which utilize smartphones and computers. Patient willingness to use these modalities is an important factor in successful implementation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess emergency department (ED) patients' use of and attitudes towards technology.

An emergency department nurse led intervention to facilitate serious illness conversations among seriously ill older adults: A feasibility study.

Background: Serious illness conversations may lead to care consistent with patients' goals near the end of life. The emergency department could serve as an important time and location for these conversations.

Aim: To determine the feasibility of an emergency department-based, brief motivational interview to stimulate serious illness conversations among seriously ill older adults by trained nurses.

Communication Training and Code Status Conversation Patterns Reported by Emergency Clinicians.

Context: During acute health decompensations for seriously ill patients, emergency clinicians often determine the intensity end-of-life care. Little is known about how emergency clinicians conduct these conversations, especially among those who have received serious illness communication training.

Objectives: To determine the self-reported practice patterns of code status conversations by emergency clinicians with and without serious illness communication training.

Emergency department-based, nurse-initiated, serious illness conversation intervention for older adults: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Visits to the emergency department (ED) are inflection points in patients' illness trajectories and are an underutilized setting to engage seriously ill patients in conversations about their goals of care. We developed an intervention (ED GOAL) that primes seriously ill patients to discuss their goals of care with their outpatient clinicians after leaving the ED. The aims of this study are (i) to test the impact of ED GOAL administered by trained nurses on self-reported, advance care planning (ACP) engagement after leaving the ED and (ii) to evaluate whether ED GOAL increases self-reported completion of serious illness conversation and other patient-centered outcomes.

The Effect of Noise-Masking Earbuds (SleepBuds) on Reported Sleep Quality and Tension in Health Care Shift Workers: Prospective Single-Subject Design Study.

Background: Shift work is associated with sleep disorders, which impair alertness and increase risk of chronic physical and mental health disease. In health care workers, shift work and its associated sleep loss decrease provider wellness and can compromise patient care. Pharmacological sleep aids or substances such as alcohol are often used to improve sleep with variable effects on health and well-being.

SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort.

Identifying the potential for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is crucial for understanding possible long-term epidemic dynamics. We analysed longitudinal PCR and serological testing data from a prospective cohort of 4,411 United States employees in 4 states between April 2020 and February 2021. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression investigating the association between baseline serological status and subsequent PCR test result in order to calculate an odds ratio for reinfection.

Refinement of an Emergency Department-Based, Advance Care Planning Intervention for Nurses.

Most older adults visit the emergency department (ED) near the end of life without advance care planning (ACP) and thus are at risk of receiving care that does not align with their wishes and values. is a behavioral intervention administered by ED clinicians, which is designed to engage seriously ill older adults in serious illness conversations in the ED. Seriously ill older adults found it acceptable in the ED.

Assessing Patient Experience and Orientation in the Emergency Department with Virtual Windows.

Patients have benefitted from increasingly sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic innovations over the years. However, the design of the physical hospital environment has garnered less attention. This may negatively impact a patient's experience and health.

Heal the Healers: A pilot study evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and exploratory efficacy of a Transcendental Meditation intervention for emergency clinicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Objective: Emergency clinicians face elevated rates of burnout that result in poor outcomes for clinicians, patients, and health systems. The objective of this single-arm pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of a Transcendental Meditation (TM) intervention for emergency clinicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to explore the potential effectiveness in improving burnout, sleep, and psychological health.

Methods: Emergency clinicians (physicians, nurses, and physician-assistants) from 2 urban hospitals were recruited to participate in TM instruction (8 individual or group in-person and remote sessions) for 3 months.

Epidemiological and Immunological Features of Obesity and SARS-CoV-2.

Obesity is a key correlate of severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes while the role of obesity on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptom phenotype, and immune response remain poorly defined. We examined data from a prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study to address these questions. Serostatus, body mass index, demographics, comorbidities, and prior COVID-19 compatible symptoms were assessed at baseline and serostatus and symptoms monthly thereafter.

Nurses' Perceptions of Facilitating Advance Care Planning Conversations in the Emergency Department.

Nurses are well positioned to initiate advance care planning (ACP) conversations because of their unique strength in communication and central patient-facing role in the interdisciplinary team. Nurse-led ACP conversations have demonstrated promising results in settings outside of the emergency department (ED). Understanding ED nurses' perspectives regarding ACP conversations is needed before implementing similar practices in the ED.

Discrete SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers track with functional humoral stability.

Antibodies serve as biomarkers of infection, but if sustained can confer long-term immunity. Yet, for most clinically approved vaccines, binding antibody titers only serve as a surrogate of protection. Instead, the ability of vaccine induced antibodies to neutralize or mediate Fc-effector functions is mechanistically linked to protection.

Deployment of a wearable biosensor system in the emergency department: a technical feasibility study.

Wearable devices to detect changes in health status are increasingly adopted by consumers, yet hospitals remain slow to assimilate these devices into clinical practice. Despite the clear benefits of capturing clinical information in acutely ill patients, such technology remains difficult to implement in emergency medicine. To improve adoption, barriers must first be removed.

Epidemiological and immunological features of obesity and SARS-CoV-2.

Obesity is a key correlate of severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes while the role of obesity on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptom phenotype, and immune response are poorly defined. We examined data from a prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study to address these questions. Serostatus, body mass index, demographics, comorbidities, and prior COVID-19 compatible symptoms were assessed at baseline and serostatus and symptoms monthly thereafter.