Old and new anti-obesity drugs.

Obesity is a pandemic problem that correlates with a cluster of metabolic factors leading to poor cardiovascular outcomes, morbidity, and an increased risk of overall mortality. It is necessary to approach obesity with a comprehensive treatment plan, which may involve lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy) and pharmacological interventions. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety of available long-term anti-obesity drugs and introduces other potential agents under investigation.

Insights from the potential impact of pasteurized in zebrafish models of obesity and diabetes.

Obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic and health conditions are significant concerns in societies worldwide, necessitating the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. Gut microbiota, particularly (), have emerged as key players in the onset of obesity and diabetes due to their impact on metabolic pathways related to food absorption, low-grade inflammation, and insulin signaling. Using have been identified as a promising approach in obesity and diabetes management.

Enhancing childhood obesity management: implementing an obesity registry for Iranian children and adolescents.

Purpose: The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is a global public health issue. This trend has led to increased obesity-related comorbidities and a higher risk of adulthood obesity in this sensitive population. This study aims to establish the first obesity registry for Iranian children and adolescents to enhance the understanding of pediatric obesity and its determinants and consequents.

Comparative effects of different beverages on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: There is a lack of clarity on the comparative effects of different beverages on weight loss in adults.

Objective: This study aimed at quantifying and ranking the effects of different beverages on weight loss.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2023.

Estrogen-insensitivity syndrome (EIS) in a female adolescent patient - a case report.

Objectives: Estrogen insensitivity syndrome (EIS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The disease results from a pathogenic variant in the (estrogen receptor 1) gene, leading to estrogen resistance in individuals possessing the 46, XX karyotype. The alpha receptor, which is predominant in peripheral tissues, is responsible for estrogen action.

A multidisciplinary obesity registry for Iranian adults: a protocol.

Purpose: Obesity is a global health challenge due to its high prevalence and increased related morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, creating a platform to enter data on patients with obesity, treatment process and outcome is mandatory. The objective of this registry is to provide such a database regarding Iranian adults with obesity in order to facilitate future research designs and effective decision making to control this condition.

Evaluation of the Effect of the Pre-Operative Exercise Training on Weight Loss, Quality of Life, and Cardiopulmonary Parameter in Bariatric Metabolic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of pre-surgery exercise training on cardiopulmonary fitness. Ten articles (six RCTs and four non-RCTs) involving 281 individuals were finally included in the synthesis. Regarding the effect on VO2 peak, overall standardized mean differences were 0.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet can beneficially affect the gut microbiota composition: a systematic review.

Aim: Dietary patterns could have a notable role in shaping gut microbiota composition. Evidence confirms the positive impact of the Mediterranean diet (MD), as one of the most studied healthy dietary patterns, on the gut microbiota profile. We conducted this systematic review to investigate the results of observational studies and clinical trials regarding the possible changes in the gut microbiota composition, metabolites, and clinical outcomes following adherence to MD in healthy cases or patients suffering from metabolic disorders.

The Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is increasing along with its predisposing factors and adverse consequences. As gut microbiota dysbiosis is established in these patients, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which alters the bacterial composition of the intestine, supposedly can help improve cardiometabolic disturbances. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of FMT on the cardiometabolic parameters and gut microbiota composition of patients experiencing at least one cardiometabolic issue.

Evaluating the effectiveness of melatonin in reducing the risk of foot ulcers in diabetic patients.

Objectives: Diabetes and its complications, as a major health concern, are associated with morbidity and mortality around the world. One of these complications is diabetic foot ulcer. Factors such as hyperglycemia, neuropathy, vascular damage and impaired immune system can cause foot ulcers.

General and abdominal obesity trends in the Iranian adult population from 2004 to 2021.

Purpose: The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity is increasing worldwide, accompanied by an increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to determine the trends of Body Mass Index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity changes in Iranian adult population from 2004 to 2021.

Methods: We conducted this study based on the eight national surveys of noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) from 2004 to 2021 in Iran.

Alteration in Gut Microbiota Composition of Older Adults Is Associated with Obesity and Its Indices: A Systematic Review.

Background: Obesity in the older adults is a health concern that increases the risk of several life-threatening diseases. Previous research has been revealed that alterations in the gut microbiota composition is related to obesity. So, understanding the gut microbiota changes in older adults' obesity may help to provide promising strategies for their health management.

A case report on POEMS syndrome with high parathyroid hormone and repeated surgery, a rare presentation of a rare disease.

Introduction: Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is a rare multisystemic disease that is named for its constellation which can easily be mistaken for other disorders.

Case Presentation: In present study we evaluated a 39-year-old man with hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone. He underwent two failed surgeries for parathyroid adenoma but due to the presence of other features of the syndrome, a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome was made.

The effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on polycystic ovarian syndrome: an overview of systematic reviews.

Introduction: Accumulating evidence has highlighted the critical role of the gut microbiota and its potential action as a regulator of metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity, and systemic inflammation in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Microbiota-modulating interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, could be effective in PCOS management.

Methods: We conducted an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses to summarize reviews regarding the effectiveness of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics on the management of PCOS through a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until September 2021.

The association of plant-based dietary pattern with general and abdominal obesity: a large cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Only a few studies have studied the association between plant-based dietary index (PDI) and the prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between PDI and the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in a large sample of Iranian adults.

Methods: The current cross-sectional study was performed from 2010 to 2012 in Isfahan, Iran.

Comparison of Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Criteria and ASCVD Score in Iranian Obese Patients.

Background: Calculating and predicting the risk of disease plays an important role in preventive medicine. Today, some risk scores have been designed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by assessing different factors. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, so we decided to calculate the possible risk of heart disease in obese Iranian people to suggest a more accurate calculator.

The Effect of a Moderately Restricted Carbohydrate Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health concern that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In previous studies of MetS management, low-carbohydrate diets have been strongly emphasized, despite the fact that many apparently healthy individuals have difficulties adhering to these diets on a long-term basis. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of a moderately restricted carbohydrate diet (MRCD) on cardiometabolic risk factors in women with MetS.

Legume Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.

There is an equivocal and inconsistent association between legume consumption and health outcomes and longevity. The purpose of this study was to examine and quantify the potential dose-response relationship between legume consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population. We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase from inception to September 2022, as well as reference lists of relevant original papers and key journals.

Effects of Parathyroidectomy on Patients' Neuropsychological Condition: Parathyroidectomy and Neuropsychological Changes.

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The effect of "moderately restricted carbohydrate" diet on gut microbiota composition and metabolic parameters in women with metabolic syndrome: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors that increase the risk of death and a variety of chronic diseases. Recent studies have indicated that the imbalance of gut microbiota might contribute to development and progression of metabolic syndrome. Carbohydrate restriction in the diet has been proven to be one of the most effective methods in the management of metabolic syndrome, even in the absence of weight loss.

Association of fat mass and obesity-associated () gene polymorphisms with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Iranian population: A systematic review of observational studies.

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms have been implicated in various diseases, most notably non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of this study was to review available evidence regarding associations between polymorphisms and NCDs in the Iranian population.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted through PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases up to December 2021, as well as reference lists of pertinent articles and key journals.

Effect of garlic extract on weight loss and gut microbiota composition in obese women: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Objective: From a nutritional perspective, garlic extract could be a prebiotic product, which is useful for obese subjects, and one of its health-promoting underlying mechanisms is modulating gut microbiota composition. In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, the goal was to determine the effect of (garlic extract) on anthropometric indices and gut microbiota composition in obese women following a low-calorie diet.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three obese women were randomly divided into garlic extract (400 mg powder containing 1,100 mcg allicin/tablet) or placebo groups.