Microtubule-associated ROP interactors affect microtubule dynamics and modulate cell wall patterning and root hair growth.

Rho of plant (ROP) proteins and the interactor of constitutively active ROP (ICR) family member ICR5/MIDD1 have been implicated to function as signaling modules that regulate metaxylem secondary cell wall patterning. Yet, loss-of-function mutants of ICR5 and its closest homologs have not been studied and, hence, the functions of these ICR family members are not fully established. Here, we studied the functions of ICR2 and its homolog ICR5.

Formation of self-organizing functionally distinct Rho of plants domains involves a reduced mobile population.

Rho family proteins are central to the regulation of cell polarity in eukaryotes. Rho of Plants-Guanyl nucleotide Exchange Factor (ROPGEF) can form self-organizing polar domains following co-expression with an Rho of Plants (ROP) and an ROP GTPase-Activating Protein (ROPGAP). Localization of ROPs in these domains has not been demonstrated, and the mechanisms underlying domain formation and function are not well understood.

A novel Ca2+-binding protein that can rapidly transduce auxin responses during root growth.

Signaling cross talks between auxin, a regulator of plant development, and Ca2+, a universal second messenger, have been proposed to modulate developmental plasticity in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis roots, auxin elicits specific Ca2+ signaling patterns that spatially coincide with the expression pattern of auxin-regulated genes.

Corrected and Republished from: Activation Status-Coupled Transient S-Acylation Determines Membrane Partitioning of a Plant Rho-Related GTPase.

ROPs or RACs are plant Rho-related GTPases implicated in the regulation of a multitude of signaling pathways that function at the plasma membrane via posttranslational lipid modifications. The relationships between ROP activation status and membrane localization has not been established. Here, we show that endogenous ROPs, as well as a transgenic His-green fluorescent protein (GFP)- ROP6 (AtROP6) fusion protein, were partitioned between Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble membranes.

Exocyst SEC3 and Phosphoinositides Define Sites of Exocytosis in Pollen Tube Initiation and Growth.

Polarized exocytosis is critical for pollen tube growth, but its localization and function are still under debate. The exocyst vesicle-tethering complex functions in polarized exocytosis. Here, we show that a sec3a exocyst subunit null mutant cannot be transmitted through the male gametophyte due to a defect in pollen tube growth.

A rho scaffold integrates the secretory system with feedback mechanisms in regulation of auxin distribution.

Development in multicellular organisms depends on the ability of individual cells to coordinate their behavior by means of small signaling molecules to form correctly patterned tissues. In plants, a unique mechanism of directional transport of the signaling molecule auxin between cells connects cell polarity and tissue patterning and thus is required for many aspects of plant development. Direction of auxin flow is determined by polar subcellular localization of PIN auxin efflux transporters.

A Novel ROP/RAC effector links cell polarity, root-meristem maintenance, and vesicle trafficking.

ROP/RAC GTPases are master regulators of cell polarity in plants, implicated in the regulation of diverse signaling cascades including cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, and Ca(2+) gradients [1-8]. The involvement of ROPs in differentiation processes is yet unknown. Here we show the identification of a novel ROP/RAC effector, designated interactor of constitutive active ROPs 1 (ICR1), that interacts with GTP-bound ROPs.

Activation status-coupled transient S acylation determines membrane partitioning of a plant Rho-related GTPase.

ROPs or RACs are plant Rho-related GTPases implicated in the regulation of a multitude of signaling pathways that function at the plasma membrane by virtue of posttranslational lipid modifications. The relationship between ROP activation status and membrane localization has not been established. Here we demonstrate that endogenous ROPs, as well as a transgenic His(6)-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-AtROP6 fusion protein, were partitioned between Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble membranes.

Enlarged meristems and delayed growth in plp mutants result from lack of CaaX prenyltransferases.

Meristems require a myriad of intercellular signaling pathways for coordination of cell division within and between functional zones and clonal cell layers. This control of cell division ensures a constant availability of stem cells throughout the life span of the meristem while limiting overproliferation of meristematic cells and maintaining the meristem structure. We have undertaken a genetic screen to identify additional components of meristem signaling pathways.

A cell-specific, prenylation-independent mechanism regulates targeting of type II RACs.

The RHO proteins, which regulate numerous signaling cascades, undergo prenylation, facilitating their interaction with membranes and with proteins called RHO.GDP dissociation inhibitors. It has been suggested that prenylation is required for RHO function.