Evaluation of Serum Complement Levels and Factors Affecting Treatment Resistance in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Background: There are increasing investigations about the potential role of the complement system in disorders affecting the central nervous system, including schizophrenia. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the levels of complement 3 and complement 4 and the factors affecting treatment resistance in schizophrenia patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2020 and January 2021 and included schizophrenia patients resistant to treatment or in remission and healthy controls.

Evaluation of gene-gene interaction between the interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-2RA gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia patients in the Turkish Population.

Objectives: To evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in and genes in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients by comparing them with healthy controls.

Methods: A sample of 127 patients with SCZ and 100 healthy volunteers were included in the case-control study. These individuals were consecutively selected from the Malazgirt State Hospital Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic in Mus, Turkey, over the three months from October 2020 to December 2020.

IL2RA rs2104286 and IL2 rs2069762 polymorphisms may be associated with bipolar disorder and its clinical findings.

Study results supported that immuno-inflammatory pathways in the brain and environment contribute to the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD), a chronic affective disease. Our study aimed to assess the relationship between BD risk and interleukin 2 () and interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha () variants in a Turkish population. Genomic DNA from 86 diagnosed BD patients and 100 healthy blood donors was extracted.

Genetic polymorphism of rs763780 contributes to the susceptibility to bipolar disorder but not to schizophrenia in the Turkish population.

This study aims to investigate the genetic polymorphism in the interleukin-17F () (rs763780, 7488 A/G) gene in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) patients by comparing it with healthy controls considering clinical parameters. A sample of 107 patients with BD, 129 patients with SCZ, and 100 healthy volunteers were included. SCID-I was used to confirm the diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR criteria.

PERIOD3 (PER3) VNTR Variant Associated with Seasonal Pattern and Family History in Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Dysregulation of circadian rhythms has been thought to be associated with psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD) and depression. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between clinical specifiers of BD, mainly seasonal pattern (SP), and the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) variant of the PERIOD3 (PER3) gene (rs57875989) in BD patients by comparing genotype distributions with healthy controls considering clinical parameters.

Subjects And Methods: A sample of 98 BD patients and 97 healthy volunteers were included in the study.

DNA Methylation Pattern of Gene Promoters of MB-COMT, DRD2, and NR3C1 in Turkish Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the methylation status of membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase () promotor, dopamine receptor D2 (), and nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 () gene in pa- tients with SCZ by comparing healthy controls.

Methods: A sample of 110 patients with SCZ and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers was included in the study. The interview was started by filling out data forms that included sociodemographic and clinical information.

The Association Between the Duration of Breastfeeding in Infancy and Adult Psychopathology: A Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey.

Aim: To evaluate the association of duration of breastfeeding in infancy and adulthood psychiatric disorders, sexual problems, and clinical features of patients in the Turkish population.

Method: A sample of 166 patients with depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or trauma and stressor-related disorders were consecutively gathered from the outpatient clinic in March-May 2021 in a cross-sectional descriptive study. The patients with a breastfeeding time of fewer than 6 months and equal or more than 6 months were compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, scale scores, and current or lifelong psychiatric disorders.

Quantitative detection of methylated SOCS-1 in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder considering SOCS-1 -1478CA/del polymorphism and clinical parameters.

Background: We aimed to investigate the quantitative detection of methylated suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), considering SOCS-1 -1478CA/del polymorphism and clinical parameters.

Methods: Our research is a case-control study in which 114 patients with SCZ, 86 patients with BD, and 80 volunteers as a healthy group participated. Bisulfite-converted DNA samples were analyzed using the real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMS-PCR) method to measure the methylation level of the SOCS-1 gene.

Treatment of Major Depression with Psychotic Features and Cotard's Syndrome after COVID-19 Infection in a Previously Healthy Patient: A Case Report.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is related to anxiety, depression, and psychotic symptoms either directly due to invasion or inflammation caused by the virus or indirectly due to related psychosocial stress: fear of infection, social isolation, and financial burden.

Case Presentation: We present a 28-year-old female case of post-COVID major depression with psychotic features and Cotard's syndrome with no previous psychiatric history. Her complaints initially described the sadness of mood with early morning worsening, diminished interest in almost all activities, anhedonia, increased anxiety, ideas of worthlessness, hopelessness, guilt, decreased sleep, and appetite.

Comparison of Clinical Features of Bipolar Disorder Patients with and without Psychiatric Comorbidity.

Objective: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric condition that often manifests together with Axis-I comorbidity. Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders influences the recognition, prognosis, and treatment of the disorder, posing difficulties for the patient and physician. This study aims at identifying Axis-I comorbidities and their characteristics in patients with BPD.

Val158Met polymorphism is associated with ecstasy (MDMA)-induced psychotic symptoms in the Turkish population.

Objectives: To investigate catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met gene polymorphism in MDMA use disorder (MUD) by comparing genotype distributions between MUD patients and healthy controls considering clinical parameters.

Methods: Eighty-two MUD patients' were consecutively admitted to the outpatient psychiatry clinic in May 2019-January 2020, and 95 healthy volunteers were included in the case-control study. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine Val158Met polymorphism.

Association of the Uncoupling Protein 2-866 G/A Polymorphism with Family History and Duration of Tobacco Use Disorder in a Turkish Population.

Background: A variety of substances cause neurotoxicity by increasing intracellular oxidative stress, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) act as membrane transport proteins and reduce reactive oxygen products and mitochondrial calcium influx. We aimed to study -866 G/A gene polymorphism in tobacco use disorder (TUD) by comparing genotype distributions between TUD patients and healthy controls considering clinical parameters.

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor - 173 G/C Polymorphism is Associated With The Age of Onset and Insight in Schizophrenia in the Turkish Population.

Objective: To evaluate the genetic variant in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor () -173 G/C in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) by comparing genotype distributions of -173 G/C between patients and healthy controls considering clinical parameters.

Methods: A sample of 118 patients with SCZ and 100 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The patients were evaluated with some scales in terms of clinical features (symptom severity, level of insight, age of onset, and treatment resistance).

Detection of altered methylation of MB-COMT promotor and DRD2 gene in cannabinoid or synthetic cannabinoid use disorder regarding gene variants and clinical parameters.

This study aims to investigate the association between cannabinoid use disorder (CUD) or synthetic cannabinoid use disorder (SCUD) and methylation status of MB-COMT (membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase) promotor or DRD2 gene considering gene variants and clinical parameters. Based on the DSM-5 criteria, 218 CUD/SCUD patients' diagnoses were confirmed with a positive urine test, and a control group consisting of 102 participants without substance use disorders was included. Methylation-specific PCR was used to identify the methylation of the MB-COMT promotor and DRD2 gene.

Global and glucocorticoid receptor gene-specific (NR3C1) DNA methylation analysis in patients with cannabinoid or synthetic cannabinoid use disorder.

This study investigates the relationship between cannabinoid use disorder (CUD) or synthetic cannabinoid use disorder (SCUD) and the global methylation, methylation of NR3C1 gene promotor, and NR3C1 BclI polymorphism, considering clinical parameters. Based on the DSM-5 criteria, 172 SCUD patients' and 44 CUD patients' diagnoses were confirmed with a positive urine test; 88 healthy volunteers were also included in the study. Global DNA methylation was measured using a 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) DNA ELISA Kit.

Evaluation of COMT (rs4680), CNR2 (rs2501432), CNR2 (rs2229579), UCP2 (rs659366), and IL-17 (rs763780) gene variants in synthetic cannabinoid use disorder patients.

Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are psychoactive drugs that generally produce more severe clinical outcomes compared to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between clinical features of synthetic cannabinoid use disorder (SCUD) and COMT (rs4680), CNR2 (rs2501432), CNR2 (rs2229579), UCP2 (rs659366), and IL-17 (rs763780) gene variants in SCUD patients by comparing the genotype distributions of gene variants between patients and healthy controls. Based on the DSM-5 criteria, 94 patients with SCUD, confirmed with a positive urine test, and 95 healthy volunteers were included in the study.