Breast cancer: age incidence, hormone receptor status and family history in Najaf, Iraq.

Breast cancer is the primary type of cancer affecting women. Patients with hormone receptor-positive cells have lower mortality rates. Both chemotherapy and hormone therapy can improve the survival rate.

Iraqi Medical Student's Perceptions of Learning Environment Following Surgical Curriculum Change.

Background: There are three undergraduate medical school curricula types - 'traditional', 'integrated', and 'problem-based learning' (PBL). Traditional curricula involve teaching basic medical science in the early years in an atomistic and often didactic way, predominantly through lectures. In later years, students move on to learning clinical skills and applying their medical knowledge in clinical settings.

Breaking Bad News During COVID-19 Time in Surgical, Emergency and Medical Specialties - What More we Need to Develop?

Background: Breaking bad news is one of the complex communication skills essential to the practice of every clinician. It involves not only the mere provision of information, but also how to deal with the emotions of the patients and the response of their relatives. Therefore, certain protocols are employed for this process, including "BREAKS", "SPIKES", and "ABCDE" protocols.

Epigenetics: The Key to Future Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is still the major cause of cancer-related mortality around the globe. The interplay of permanent genetic and dynamic epigenetic changes leads to the onset and progression of lung cancer. The diagnosis is often made at an advanced stage when the prognosis is dismal and therapy choices are restricted.