Publications by authors named "Hasan Ghajavand"
Mixed (polyclonal) infections are one of the main problems in tuberculosis (TB) management. The best available method for detecting polyclonal infections in TB is mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR). According to multiple studies, MIRU-VNTR method can be applied to detect TB-related polyclonal infections in sputum samples or cultures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In order to shorten the course of treatment and its effectiveness, it is essential to gain an in-depth insight into the drug resistance mechanisms of ().
Methods: In this study, we evaluated the contribution of 26 drug efflux pumps plus target gene mutations to the drug resistance levels in multi-drug resistant (MDR)/pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and mono-drug resistant clinical isolates of . The panels of 25 clinical strains were characterized for drug resistance-associated mutations with whole-genome sequencing and antibiotic profiles in the presence and absence of efflux inhibitor verapamil (VP).
In the regions where bedaquiline (BDQ) is introduced into the regimen, analysis of MIC and screening for preexisting resistance mutations could be crucial. The high prevalence of isolates with high BDQ MICs without prior exposure to BDQ was worrisome. It was also concluded that efflux pumps play a pivotal role in intrinsic BDQ resistance; therefore, the potential of verapamil as an adjunctive therapy to combat BDQ resistance should be investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study highlights the growing issue of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains, with 16 cases (2.6%) identified among 13,892 suspected TB patients in Tehran from 2014 to 2018.
- - Whole-genome sequencing revealed that almost all MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) cases were linked to lineage 2/Beijing strains, indicating a significant recent spread of these strains.
- - The research suggests that the rapid transmission and introduction of these strains pose a severe challenge for controlling TB in Tehran, exacerbated by their existing drug resistance profiles hindering effective diagnostics.
Article Synopsis
- The study finds that over 50% of tuberculosis cases in Tehran involve polyclonal infections, where multiple strains coexist.
- Spoligotyping results showed that 57.1% of the analyzed patients had different genetic patterns in their clinical samples compared to their cultures, indicating the presence of mixed infections.
- The researchers suggest that in areas with high rates of mixed infections, like Iran, relying solely on Spoligotyping from clinical samples might lead to misleading interpretations.
Increasing multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains of has aggravated curiosity in development of alternative therapy. Bacteriophages are often considered as alternative agents for controlling infections. In the present study two lytic phages for MDR were isolated and their efficacy and host ranges were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The rising frequency of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has led to an increased use of antibiotics such as macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B (MLSB) for the treatment of S. aureus infections. Resistance to MLSB in S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important pathogens in hospital-acquired infections especially in intensive care units (ICUs). This opportunistic pathogen can be easily isolated from water, soil, and hospital facilities. A.
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