Peganum harmala L. seed extract attenuates anxiety and depression in rats by reducing neuroinflammation and restoring the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and monoamines after exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress.

Depression is a mental disorder characterised by persistent low mood, anhedonia and cognitive impairment that affects an estimated 3.8% of the world's population, including 5% of adults. Peganum harmala L.

A Novel Training Model for Superficial Temporal Artery- Middle Cerebral Artery Anastomosis Using Microsurgical Techniques.

Objective: To create a reusable and inexpensive training model with technological tools that simulates cerebral bypass surgery and a sensor system that provides tactile feedback to the surgeon. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the anastomotic stability and contribution to the surgeon's learning curve.

Methods: We created a superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass simulation model using chicken and turkey brachial arteries.

Flow diverter stent treatment for unruptured supraclinoid segment internal carotid artery aneurysms: a Turkish multicenter study.

Objective: Despite the relatively high success of surgical clipping of supraclinoid segment aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA), flow diverter (FD) stent therapy is becoming increasingly used for these aneurysms. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of FD placement for unruptured ICA supraclinoid segment aneurysms at 6 different centers with different experience levels in Türkiye.

Methods: In this retrospective, multicenter study, the authors reviewed the demographic information, aneurysm shape/dimensions (neck, aspect ratio, dome/neck ratio, and maximum diameter), preoperative antiplatelet regimen, FD stent brand, perioperative complications, intervention time, clinical (modified Rankin Scale) and radiological (O'Kelly-Marotta [OKM] grading scale) outcomes, and follow-up time of 54 patients.

Effect of Adiponectin on Acute Experimental Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Aim: To examine the effect of adiponectin administration on acute brain injury in an experimental model of cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) in rats.

Material And Methods: The study animals were divided into the following four groups: group I, sham (did not undergo surgical intervention and did not receive drugs); group II, the I/R model (received the intervention, but did not receive drugs); group III (I/Radiponectin) (the I/R model was used, and the animals were treated with 5 mg/kg adiponectin peritoneally 30 minutes after the ischemia); and group IV (I/R-tirofiban)( the I/R model was used, and the animals were treated with 0.5 mg/kg tirofiban peritoneally 30 minutes after the ischemia).

and variants may influence intervertebral disc degeneration.

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common and complex condition. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key regulators of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in various physiological events.

Preoperatively, Which Parameter Allows Us to Predict the C5 Palsy After Cervical Open-Door Laminoplasty?

Aim: To uncover factors that can predict the development of C5 palsy before surgery by evaluating several different parameters.

Material And Methods: A total of 177 patients who underwent surgery between 2015 and 2020 were included in the study. In total, C5 palsy was observed in 22 (12.

What is the Effect of Pedicle Screw Reinsertion Through the Same Trajectory on Pullout Strength?

Aim: To investigate the pullout strength of a pedicle screw reinserted through the same trajectory MATERIAL and METHODS: Fifty freshly frozen lamb L4 vertebrae were divided into the following five groups: Group 1, inserted with a 5-mm pedicle screw; Group 2, inserted with a 5-mm pedicle screw followed by the removal and reinsertion of the same screw after control; Group 3, inserted with a 5-mm pedicle screw followed by the removal and reinsertion of a 5.5-mm screw after control; Group 4, inserted with a 5.5-mm pedicle screw; and Group 5, inserted with a 5.

Preoperative pain neurophysiology education for lumbar radiculopathy: A randomized-controlled trial.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the postoperative short-term effectiveness of preoperative pain neurophysiology education on pain severity, kinesiophobia, and disability in patients undergoing lumbar surgery for radiculopathy.

Patients And Methods: Between April 2019 and August 2019, a total of 41 patients (22 males, 19 females; mean age 52.1±9.

Synthesis of New Boron Derived Compounds; Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effect in Vitro Glioblastoma Tumor Model.

Objective: The aim of our study is to investigate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of newly synthesized boron compounds in U87MG glioblastoma cell treatment.

Methods: We synthesized boron glycine monoester (BGM) and boron glycine diester (BGD) structures containing boron atoms and determined their cytotoxic activities on glioblastoma by the MTT method. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value was calculated with GraphPad Prism 5.

Cytotoxic Effect of Boron Application on Glioblastoma Cells.

Aim: To investigate the cytotoxic effects of boron application at different doses on U-87 MG glioblastoma cells.

Material And Methods: The T98G (ATCC® CRL-1690?) glioblastoma cell strain used in the study was acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, USA). Boric acid solution was prepared by mechanical mixing in the medium.

3.0 Tesla MRI scanner evaluation of supratentorial major white matter tracts and central core anatomical structures of postmortem human brain hemispheres fixed by Klingler method.

: As an advanced imaging technique for the human brain, the importance of magnetic resonance imaging technique (MRI) is indisputable. The study aims to contribute to the literature by imaging post-mortem human brain hemispheres fixed with the Klinger method through the a 3.0 Tesla MRI Scanner and by defining the supratentorial major white matter tracts and central core anatomical structures.

Comparison of Biomechanical Properties of Dura Mater Substitutes and Cranial Human Dura Mater : An In Vitro Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical differences between human dura mater and dura mater substitutes to optimize biomimetic materials.

Methods: Four groups were investigated. Group I used cranial dura mater (n=10), group II used Gore-Tex® Expanded Cardiovascular Patch (W.

Three Dimensional Printing and Biomaterials in the Repairment of Bone Defects; Hydroxyapatite PLA Filaments.

Background/aim: Application fields of bone tissue engineering studies continue to expand. New biocompatible materials aimed to improve bone repairment and regeneration of implants are being discovered everyday by scientists, engineers, and surgeons. Our objective in this study is to combine polylactic acid which is a polymer with hydroxyapatite in the repairment of bone defects considering the increased need by medical application fields.

Evaluation of Incidentally Detected Pathology Results of Patients with Vertebral Fracture Treated by Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive techniques used to treat vertebral compression fractures. The etiology of vertebral compression fractures varies among patients. Although osteoporosis and trauma are major etiologic factors in patients with a vertebral compression fracture, unexpected results were found in 11 patients in the present study.

Biomechanical Properties of the Cranial Dura Mater with Puncture Defects : An In Vitro Study.

Objective: The primary aim of this investigation was to explore the nature of dura mater biomechanics following the introduction of puncture defect(s).

Methods: Twenty-eight dura mater specimens were collected during autopsy from the department of forensic medicine of the authors' institution. Specimens were divided randomly into one of four groups : group I (cranial dura mater; n=7), group II (cranial dura mater with one puncture defect; n=7); group III (cranial dura mater with two puncture defects; n=7), and group IV (cranial dura mater with three puncture defects; n=7).

Cavernous Angioma Mimicking Meningioma.

The authors present a rare case of cavernous angioma mimicking a meningioma in a 58-year-old man who presented with a headache and dizziness. There were no neurological deficits or other neurological symptoms or signs. An extra-axial mass lesion thought to be associated with diffusely well-enhanced falx in the postcontrast sections was noted in the posterior interhemispheric fissure near the posterior part of the corpus callosum splenium.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sildenafil Citrate Following Severe Head Trauma in an Experimental Rat Model.

Aim: To investigate the acute effects of sildenafil citrate in an experimental model of severe head trauma, and to compare it with the efficacy of mannitol, which is an osmotically active agent frequently used in clinical treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Material And Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar-derived albino strain female rats were randomized into four groups comprising seven rats each. These groups were designated as follows: Group I: sham; Group II: TBI; Group III: TBI + mannitol (20% 1 gr/ kg, intraperitoneal); and Group IV: TBI + sildenafil citrate (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal).

Importance of Three-Dimensional Modeling in Cranioplasty.

Cranioplasty is a reconstruction operation made to protect intracranial structures. It is applied for the closure of bone defects occurring due to causes such as trauma, tumor, infection, and infarct. Many different products changing from autologous bone grafts to synthetic materials are used for cranioplasty.

Demonstration of the effect of brivaracetam on an experimental epilepsy model.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of valproic acid (VPA) and a new-generation antiepileptic drug called brivaracetam (BRV) on the brain damage occurring after status epilepticus (SE) in rats.

Materials And Methods: In our study, an experimental animal model of SE, generated by stereotaxically injecting 0.4–2 μg of kainic acid into the rat hippocampus, was used.

Predictive Factors for Functional Outcomes After Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

The objective of our study is to detect the patient group that will most benefit from intravenous (IV) thrombolytic therapy by showing predictive factors of good functional outcomes. The present study covers 88 patients who were admitted to our clinic within the first 4.5 hours from the onset of stroke symptoms, diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and who received IV thrombolytic therapy between May 2014 and June 2017 as a result of a retrospective analysis of a database prospectively collected.

Effect of Mannitol Infusion on Optic Nerve Injury After Acute Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Brain Injury.

The primary aim of this paper is to investigate the neuroprotective and antiinflammatory effects of mannitol on optic nerve injury after acute traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain injury in rat models. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) were produced by a custom-made weight-drop impact acceleration device. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups.

Bone Turnover in Vertebral Fractures: Does it Effect the Decision of Surgery?

Background And Aim: Instrumentation is commonly used in spinal surgery to stabilize the fracture. In the present study, we aimed to compare the early and late changes seen in bone production and degradation products in patients with traumatic spinal fracture who had been treated surgically or conservatively.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three patients were admitted to the Neurosurgery Department with thoracolumbar or lumbar fracture in this prospective study.

Effects of Resveratrol on Inflammation and Apoptosis After Experimental Spinal Cord Injury.

Aim: To determine the effects of resveratrol on inflammation and apoptosis after experimental spinal cord injury (SCI).

Material And Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. All groups underwent thoracic laminectomy.

Effects of Quercetin and Mannitol on Erythropoietin Levels in Rats Following Acute Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: The aim of this study to investigate the normal values of erythropoietin (EPO) and neuroprotective effects of quercetin and mannitol on EPO and hematocrit levels after acute severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rat model.

Methods: A weight-drop impact acceleration model of TBI was used on 40 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into sham (group I), TBI (group II), TBI+quercetin (50 mg/kg intravenously) (group III), and TBI+mannitol (1 mg/kg intravenously) (group IV) groups.