Three-Dimensional Analysis of Round Window Membrane in the Chinchilla Model with Acute Otitis Media Induced with 7F.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of round window membrane (RWM) in chinchillas with serotype 7F induced acute otitis media (AOM) by two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) measurements.

Methods: Temporal bone specimens taken from 12 chinchillas were divided into two groups. The control group consisted of healthy animals that were injected with intrabullar saline.

Cochleosaccular (Scheibe) dysplasia in dogs: A temporal bone study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate any otopathologic changes in temporal bone specimens from dogs with deafness related to cochleosaccular (Scheibe) dysplasia (CSD). We used the canine temporal bone collections of the Otopathology Laboratory at the University of Minnesota and of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary at Harvard University in Boston. Our morphometric analysis included measuring the areas of the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament and counting the number of spiral ganglion cells.

The Impact of Systemic and Local Administration of Ascorbic Acid on Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane and Myringosclerosis.

Objective: In the present study, tympanic membranes (TM) harvested from myringotomized rats were analyzed histopathologically to compare the systemic and local effects of ascorbic acid on the development of myringosclerosis.

Materials And Methods: Forty male Wistar-Albino rats weighing between 350-400 g were included in this study. Under otomicroscopic examination, a standard 2-mm myringotomy incision was made on the posteroinferior quadrant of the TM of both ears.

Efficacy of two commercially available, low-magnesium, urine-acidifying dry foods for the dissolution of struvite uroliths in cats.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of using 2 commercially available, low-magnesium, urine-acidifying dry foods to dissolve sterile struvite uroliths in cats.

Design: Prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial .

Sample: 37 cats with presumed struvite uroliths.

Epidemiological evaluation of cystine urolithiasis in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo): 70 cases (1992-2009).

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cystine uroliths in domestic ferrets with urolithiasis and determine whether age, breed, sex, reproductive status, anatomic location, and season are risk factors associated with cystine urolith formation.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional case-control study.

Sample: Records of 435 ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with uroliths submitted for analyses between 1992 and 2009, of which 70 were cystine uroliths.

Effects of storage in formalin on composition of canine and feline uroliths.

Objective: To determine whether storage in neutral-buffered 10% formalin in vitro has any effect on the composition of biogenic minerals of canine and feline uroliths.

Design: Prospective in vitro study.

Sample Population: Canine and feline uroliths submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center from 34 dogs and 27 cats.

Risk factors for urate uroliths in cats.

Objective: To identify demographic factors associated with urate urolithiasis in cats and determine whether the rate of urolith submission to a laboratory had changed over time.

Design: Case series and case-control study.

Animals: Cases consisted of 5,072 cats with urate uroliths submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 2008.

Epidemiology of struvite uroliths in ferrets: 272 cases (1981-2007).

Objective: To confirm that the predominant mineral type in naturally occurring uroliths in ferrets is struvite; to determine whether age, breed, sex, reproductive status, geographic location, season, and anatomic location are risk factors associated with urolith formation in ferrets; to compare features of struvite uroliths in cats with those in ferrets; and to determine whether there is a logical evidence-based rationale for clinical trials of the safety and efficacy of diet-induced dissolution of struvite uroliths in ferrets.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Animals: 408 ferrets with uroliths (272 struvite uroliths) from the Minnesota Urolith Center, and 6,528 control ferrets from the Veterinary Medical Database.

Rate and frequency of recurrence of uroliths after an initial ammonium urate, calcium oxalate, or struvite urolith in cats.

Objective: To determine frequency of and interval until recurrence after initial ammonium urate, calcium oxalate, and struvite uroliths in cats and whether breed, age, or sex was associated with increased risk for urolith recurrence.

Design: Case-control study.

Animals: 4,435 cats with recurrent uroliths.

Comparison of laser lithotripsy and cystotomy for the management of dogs with urolithiasis.

Objective: To compare efficacy, required resources, and perioperative complications between laser lithotripsy and cystotomy for urolith (ie, urocystoliths and urethroliths) removal in dogs.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Animals: 66 dogs with urolithiasis treated by laser lithotripsy (case dogs) and 66 dogs with urolithiasis treated by cystotomy (control dogs).

Efficacy and safety of laser lithotripsy in fragmentation of urocystoliths and urethroliths for removal in dogs.

Objective: To characterize the efficacy and safety of laser lithotripsy in the fragmentation of urocystoliths and urethroliths for removal in dogs.

Design: Prospective case series.

Animals: 100 dogs with naturally occurring urocystoliths and urethroliths.

Changing paradigms in the treatment of uroliths by lithotripsy.

Surgery remains a common procedure for removal of uroliths from the lower urinary tract of dogs. Incorporation of intracorporeal laser lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has provided impetus for a paradigm shift in the way veterinarians manage urinary stones, however. These minimally invasive techniques provide a successful alternative to surgical urolith extraction.

Paradigm changes in the role of nutrition for the management of canine and feline urolithiasis.

Results of experimental and clinical investigation have confirmed the importance of dietary modifications in medical protocols designed to promote dissolution and prevention of uroliths. The objectives of medical management of uroliths are to arrest further growth and to promote urolith dissolution by correcting or controlling underlying abnormalities. For therapy to be most effective, it must promote undersaturation of urine with lithogenic crystalloids by 1) increasing the urine solubility of crystalloids, 2) increasing the volume of urine in which crystalloids are dissolved or suspended, and 3) reducing the quantities of lithogenic crystalloids in urine.

Quantitative analysis of 4468 uroliths retrieved from farm animals, exotic species, and wildlife submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center: 1981 to 2007.

Knowledge of the mineral composition of uroliths in various species of animals can help veterinarians predict the mineral composition of stones in vivo. This information is important because dissolution of existing uroliths, or minimizing further growth of uroliths in situ, is dependent on knowledge of the mineral composition of uroliths. With this objective in mind, this report summarizes the results of quantitative mineral analysis of uroliths retrieved from 4468 animals sent to the Minnesota Urolith Center.

Drug-induced urolithiasis.

The prevalence of uroliths that contain drugs, their metabolites, or toxic ingredients in dogs, cats, and other animals is unknown. The authors examine specific drugs and their use in the animal population. They discuss these drugs in terms of uroliths and urolith formation in a variety of animals, making recommendations on which drugs can be safely used based on evidence from the authors' own studies and the literature.

Melamine and cyanuric acid-induced crystalluria, uroliths, and nephrotoxicity in dogs and cats.

This article discusses the 2007 recall of canned pet food because of concerns about adverse effects on kidney function of cats and dogs. The discovery of melamine and cyanuric acid in the foods is detailed. Case studies, including clinical, pathology, histology, and toxicology findings, are presented.

[The investigation of short term efficiency of oxfendazole + oxyclozanide paste and tablet formulations against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep].

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of tablet and paste formulations of Oxfendazole and Oxyclozanide combinations against subclinical gastrointestinal nematode infections and to compare the advantages and/or disadvantages of their use. Seventy-five infected sheep were selected from an enterprise located in Kayseri in 2006. The sheep were divided into 3 equal groups as paste, tablet and control groups.

Economical impact of tropical theileriosis in the Cappadocia region of Turkey.

This study was initiated to investigate the economical impact of vaccination against tropical theileriosis in cattle in Cappadocia in Turkey. A total of 554 vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals were monitored for Theileria annulata infection using microscopic examination serology by measuring the antibody response of the animals by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence of T.

Evaluation of the association between sex and risk of forming urate uroliths in Dalmatians.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that urate uroliths are uncommonly detected in female Dalmatians, compared with males.

Design: Case-control study.

Sample Population: Medical records of dogs evaluated at veterinary teaching hospitals in North America from 1981 to 2002 and compiled by the Veterinary Medical Database, and records of dogs with uroliths submitted for quantitative analyses to the Minnesota Urolith Center from 1981 to 2002.

Trends in the frequency of calcium oxalate uroliths in the upper urinary tract of cats.

Medical records from cats diagnosed with uroliths at nine United States veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980 to 1999, and records of cats with uroliths submitted for analyses to the Minnesota Urolith Center from 1981 to 2000, were evaluated. A 10-fold increase in frequency of upper tract uroliths occurred in cats during the 20-year interval at the nine veterinary teaching hospitals. Calcium oxalate emerged as the predominant mineral type in upper tract uroliths, having increased more than 50-fold during the study period.

Effects of storage time and temperature on pH, specific gravity, and crystal formation in urine samples from dogs and cats.

Objective: To determine effects of storage temperature and time on pH and specific gravity of and number and size of crystals in urine samples from dogs and cats.

Design: Randomized complete block design.

Animals: 31 dogs and 8 cats.