Plasmapheresis for Refractory Pruritus due to Drug-Induced Cholestasis.

Pruritus can be a distressing symptom seen in various cholestatic disorders. It is treated with medications like bile acid sequestrants. Drug-induced cholestasis usually resolves with withdrawal of the causative medication.

Nephrotic syndrome-induced thromboembolism in adults.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a well-defined syndrome characterized by the presence of nephrotic range of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-reported complication associated with NS, the incidence, prevalence, risk factors, treatment options, and preventative strategies are not well-established. Thromboembolic phenomena in nephrotic patients are postulated to be a result of the urinary loss of antithrombotic factors by affected kidneys and increased production of prothrombotic factors by the liver.

A New Early Finding of Moyamoya-Like Phenomena.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) primarily causes constriction of internal carotid artery, but it is known to extend to the middle and anterior cerebral arteries. Some of the symptoms caused by MMD include transient ischemic attack (TIA) and seizures. The etiology of MMD from Graves' disease (GD) is mostly caused by thyrotoxicosis, but our finding of leukocytosis indicates a new finding that may help physicians prepare for the pending outcome of MMD from GD with leukocytosis.