Risk-adapted stereotactic body radiation therapy delivered in four fractions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Risk-adapted stereotactic body radiation therapy is preferred over conventional radiotherapy at the authors' institution based on the hypothesis that even with a lower than recommended dose, stereotactic body radiation therapy would yield better local control than conventional radiotherapy. This retrospective study was performed to verify the hypothesis. Data from 34 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, who underwent risk-adapted stereotactic body radiation therapy delivered in 4 fractions between 2012 and 2018, were analyzed.

Derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has the potential to predict safety and outcomes of durvalumab after chemoradiation in non-small cell lung cancer.

The usefulness of the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and its dynamics before/after durvalumab consolidation therapy to predict safety or efficacy remains unclear. We retrospectively reviewed patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with durvalumab consolidation therapy after chemoradiotherapy (D group) or chemoradiotherapy alone (non-D group) at multiple institutions. We investigated the association between dNLR, or its dynamics, and pneumonitis, checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP), irAEs, and efficacy.

Long-Term Outcomes of a Prospective Study on Highly Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer for 3 Weeks.

Purpose: Reports of radiation therapy for prostate cancer using dose fractions between moderate hypofractionation and ultrahypofractionation are limited. This pilot study involved the application of highly hypofractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in 15 fractions for 3 weeks and the number of fractions was intermediate between the 2 previously mentioned dose fractions. The long-term outcomes are reported.

Clinical features and risk factors for interstitial lung disease spreading in low-dose irradiated areas after definitive radiotherapy with or without durvalumab consolidation therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The current standard of care for patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is chemoradiotherapy (CRT) combined with durvalumab consolidation therapy. However, radiotherapy (RT) always carries the risk of radiation pneumonitis (RP), which can preclude durvalumab continuation. In particular, the spread of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in low-dose areas or extending beyond the RT field often makes it difficult to determine the safety of continuation or rechallenging of durvalumab.

Dynamic tumor-tracking stereotactic body radiotherapy with real-time monitoring of liver tumors using a gimbal-mounted linac: A multi-institutional phase II study.

Background And Purpose: This prospective multicenter phase II study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dynamic tumor tracking (DTT) stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with real-time monitoring of liver tumors using a gimbal-mounted system.

Materials And Methods: Patients with < 4 primary or metastatic liver tumors with diameters ≤ 50 mm and expected to have a respiratory motion of ≥ 10 mm were eligible. The prescribed dose was 40 Gy in five fractions.

Ten-year outcomes of whole-pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer with regional lymph node metastasis.

Background: Management of pelvic node-positive prostate cancer has been challenging and controversial. We conducted a study to evaluate the outcomes of whole-pelvic (WP) simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Methods: A total of 67 consecutive patients with cT1c-4N1M0 prostate cancer were definitively treated by WP SIB-IMRT.

Low-Dose Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for a Patient With Head and Neck Involvement of Mycosis Fungoides: A Case Report With a Review of Literature.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that slowly progresses over a period of years to decades. In some cases, lesions that spread to the scalp, neck, or facial skin can have a significant impact on cosmetic appearance and a patient's quality of life. Among the various treatments, radiation therapy is one of the most effective treatment modalities for patients with symptomatic cutaneous lesions.

A multi-institutional observational study on the effects of three-dimensional radiotherapy and weekly 40-mg/m cisplatin on postoperative uterine cervical cancer patients with high-risk prognostic factors.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with both three-dimensional radiotherapy (3DRT) and weekly 40-mg/m cisplatin on postoperative uterine cervical cancer patients with high-risk prognostic factors.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multi-institutional chart review of postoperative uterine cervical cancer patients with high-risk prognostic factors who had been treated with both 3DRT and weekly 40-mg/m cisplatin from 2007 to 2012. Each participating hospital provided detailed information regarding patient characteristics, treatment outcomes, and treatment complications.

A pilot study of highly hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy over 3 weeks for localized prostate cancer.

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of highly hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in 15 fractions over 3 weeks for treating localized prostate cancer based on prostate position-based image-guided radiation therapy. Twenty-five patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) very low- to unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer were enrolled in this study from April 2014 to September 2015 to receive highly hypofractionated IMRT (without intraprostatic fiducial markers) delivering 54 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks. Patients with intermediate-risk disease underwent neoadjuvant androgen suppression for 4-8 months.

Correlation between urinary dose and delayed radiation cystitis after 78 Gy intensity-modulated radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer: A 10-year follow-up study of genitourinary toxicity in clinical practice.

Purpose: To investigate the factors associated with the risk of long-term genitourinary (GU) toxicity among high-risk prostate cancer (PC) patients treated with high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods And Materials: Between 2000 and 2011, PC patients treated with 78 Gy in 39 fractions delivered by IMRT combined with neo-adjuvant hormonal therapy were selected from among our database. GU toxicities and clinical factors, as well as separate anatomical urinary structures, were evaluated in terms of their associations.

Recovery of Serum Testosterone Levels and Sexual Function in Patients Treated With Short-term Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone Antagonist as a Neoadjuvant Therapy Before External Radiotherapy for Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer: Preliminary Prospective Study.

Introduction: External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with short-term androgen deprivation therapy is the standard of care for intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients. However, no study to date has evaluated the hormonal kinetics or sexual and hormonal function recovery after cessation of short-term luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist treatment.

Patients And Methods: Ten intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients (mean age, 69.

Decreased acute toxicities of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer with prostate-based versus bone-based image guidance.

Background: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a major therapeutic option for localized prostate cancer. Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) allows tumor visualization and corrects the errors caused by daily internal movement of the prostate. The current study retrospectively compared the acute toxicities and biochemical tumor control outcomes of prostate IMRT achieved using two IGRT techniques: bony structure-based IGRT (B-IGRT) and prostate-based IGRT (P-IGRT).

Ten-year outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for intermediate- and high-risk patients with T1c-T2N0M0 prostate cancer.

Background: We aimed to analyze the 10-year outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (HT) for patients with intermediate- and high-risk T1c-T2N0M0 prostate cancer.

Methods: Fifty patients with T1c-T2N0M0 prostate cancer, who were treated with high-dose IMRT combined with neoadjuvant HT, were evaluated. Of these patients, 19 and 31 were classified into the intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively.

Dosimetric evaluation of the Acuros XB algorithm for a 4 MV photon beam in head and neck intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

In this study, we assessed the differences in the dose distribution of a 4 MV photon beam among different calculation algorithms: the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm, the analytic anisotropic algorithm (AAA), and the pencil beam convolution (PBC) algorithm (ver. 11.0.

Clinical effect of multileaf collimator width on the incidence of late rectal bleeding after high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate carcinoma.

Background: Several studies have confirmed a dosimetric advantage associated with use of a smaller leaf in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). However, no studies have identified any clinical benefits. We investigated the effect of a smaller multileaf collimator (MLC) width on the onset of late rectal bleeding after high-dose prostate IMRT.

Long-term outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy under an early salvage policy for patients with T3-T4N0M0 prostate cancer.

Background: Long-term outcomes of dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with neoadjuvant (NA) androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) under an early salvage policy in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC) were evaluated.

Methods: Data from 120 patients with T3-T4N0M0 adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with IMRT were analyzed. NA-ADT with a median duration of 6 months was provided in all cases.

[Recent progress in radiation therapy].

Causing selective damage to tumors is an important issue in radiation therapy. This is usually addressed using either a biological or a physical approach. The former includes chemoradiotherapy and a combination of targeted drugs and radiation whereas the latter includes stereotactic radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy and particle therapy.

Recurrence patterns after postoperative radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx.

Conclusions: Distant metastasis was a major pattern of recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. PORT provided good loco-regional control, with tolerable toxicities. Advanced pT and pN were unfavorable prognostic factors.

Treatment outcomes of definitive chemoradiotherapy for patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.

We analyzed the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). Subjects comprised 97 patients who were treated with definitive CRT from 1990 to 2006. Sixty-one patients (62.

Phase I study of weekly docetaxel and cisplatin arterial infusion for recurrent head and neck cancer.

Background: We planned a phase I study of weekly arterial infusion of docetaxel and cisplatin via a superficial temporal artery for recurrent head and neck cancer to determine the optimal dose.

Methods: The dose of cisplatin was fixed and the dose of docetaxel was escalated from 8 mg/m(2) , with an increase of 2 mg/m(2) per step, to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In total, 4 courses of weekly chemotherapy were administered.

Clinical usefulness of [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in 178 head-and-neck cancer patients with nodal metastasis treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy: consideration of its prognostic value and ability to provide guidance for optimal selection of patients for planned neck dissection.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of pretreatment [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma patients with nodal metastasis treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Methods And Materials: Between March 2002 and December 2006, 178 patients with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma and nodal metastasis underwent fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography before chemoradiotherapy. Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake by both the primary lesion and the neck node was measured using the standard uptake value (SUV).

Retrospective analysis of definitive radiotherapy for patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma: Consideration of the optimal treatment method with a focus on late morbidity.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of definitive radiotherapy for patients with superficial esophageal cancer.

Material And Methods: From 1990 through 2006, 97 patients with stage I disease were treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. All patients were diagnosed with panesophagoscopy and computed tomography.

The impact of radiation dose and fractionation on outcomes for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: To review the treatment outcomes of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) patients and to compare the outcomes among three groups in which the total radiation doses were 45 Gy with accelerated hyperfractionation (AHF), <54 Gy with standard fractionation (SF), and > or =54 Gy with SF.

Methods And Materials: LS-SCLC patients that had been treated with chemoradiotherapy between 1997 and 2007 at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital were reviewed in this study. Of the 127 eligible patients, there were 37 patients in the AHF group, 29 in the SF <54 Gy group, and 61 in the SF > or =54 Gy group.