Background: Recent advances in robotic surgery have extended to hair restoration surgery, using a robotic recipient site creation device.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the surgical safety and postoperative clinical outcomes of using this robotic system.
Materials And Methods: Thirty-one men diagnosed with androgenetic alopecia, who underwent hair transplantation with robotic recipient site creation, were retrospectively reviewed.
Alopecia has several causes, but its relationship with ischemia/hypoxia has not yet been investigated in detail. In this study, we studied the changes of hair follicles induced by ischemia and potential effects of normobaric hyperoxygenation (NBO) on the hair cycle and growth. We found that skin ischemia reduced hair growth rate, hair shaft size, and its pigmentation in the anagen phase of mice, which may reflect an aspect of pathophysiology of hair loss (alopecia) and depigmentation (gray/white hairs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe investigated the effect of oxygen tension on the proliferation and hair-inductive capacity of human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and dermal sheath cells (DSCs). DPCs and DSCs were separately obtained from human hair follicles and each cultured under atmospheric/hyperoxic (20% O), physiological/normoxic (6% O), or hypoxic (1% O) conditions. Proliferation of DPCs and DSCs was highest under normoxia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: Tattoo removal by laser has been mostly performed using Q-switched laser, which has nanosecond pulse width. In recent years, the efficacy of treatment with picosecond pulse width laser has also been reported.
Study Design/materials And Methods: Using a picosecond-domain, neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser with a potassium-titanyl-phosphate frequency-doubling crystal, we performed a retrospective clinical study with combination treatment using pulse widths of 750 ps and 2 ns.
Unlabelled: Three-dimensional culture of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for spheroid formation is known to enhance their therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. Spheroids were prepared by culturing human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) in a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel and compared with dissociated hASCs and hASC spheroids prepared using a nonadherent dish. Preliminary experiments indicated that a 4% HA gel was the most appropriate for forming hASC spheroids with a relatively consistent size (20-50 µm) within 48 hours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Despite the clinical potential of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), there are some clinical difficulties due to the regulation of cell therapies.
Materials & Methods: Micronized cellular adipose matrix (MCAM) injectable was prepared through selective extraction of connective tissue fractions in fat tissue only through mechanical minimal manipulation procedures.
Results: It retained some capillaries and ASCs, but most adipocytes were removed.
Ionizing radiation is often used to treat progressive neoplasms. However, the consequences of long-term radiation exposure to healthy skin tissue are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term radiation damage to healthy skin of the same irradiation given either as single or fractional doses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Recent research indicates that the adipose tissue of nonvascularized grafts is completely remodeled within 3 months, although origins of next-generation cells are unclear.
Methods: Inguinal fat pads of green fluorescent protein mice and wild-type mice were cross-transplanted beneath the scalp. At 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after transplantation, grafted fat was harvested, weighed, and analyzed through immunohistochemistry, whole-mount staining, and flow cytometry of cell isolates.
Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3)-positive multipotent mesenchymal cells (multilineage differentiating stress-enduring [Muse] cells) were isolated from cultured human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) and characterized, and their therapeutic potential for treating diabetic skin ulcers was evaluated. Cultured hASCs were separated using magnetic-activated cell sorting into positive and negative fractions, a SSEA-3+ cell-enriched fraction (Muse-rich) and the remaining fraction (Muse-poor). Muse-rich hASCs showed upregulated and downregulated pluripotency and cell proliferation genes, respectively, compared with Muse-poor hASCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
May 2014
Background: Hyperbaric oxygenation has been used for various purposes, but its clinical application is limited due to its pulmonary toxicity. We evaluated the therapeutic value of normobaric hyperoxygenation (NBO) for vascularized and nonvascularized tissue transplantation.
Methods: Tissue oxygen partial pressure (PtO2) was measured for various organs in mice under inspiratory oxygen of 20%, 60%, or 100%.
Background: Fat grafting is a promising modality for soft-tissue augmentation/reconstruction. However, grafted fat tissue is not initially perfused and relies on plasmatic diffusion from the recipient bed until revascularization occurs. The authors evaluated the therapeutic effects of normobaric hyperoxygenation for enhancing fat graft retention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Autologous fat injection into the breast has been performed widely for breast augmentation and reconstruction because of recent technical and scientific advancements. However, it is important to learn what occurs and how problematic it can be if fat grafting is not conducted appropriately.
Methods: Oil cysts were explanted from three subjects who underwent cosmetic fat grafting to the breast 2, 4, and 6 years previously.
Background: Fat grafting is promising, but clinical outcomes are not always predictable. The mechanisms of tissue revascularization/regeneration, and tissue necrosis and subsequent absorption/fibrosis of the graft, are poorly understood.
Methods: An autologous inguinal fat pad was transplanted under the scalp of mice, and detailed cellular events during the first 3 months were investigated with immunohistochemistry.
Background Aims: Adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) are typically obtained from the lipoaspirates; however, a smaller number of ASCs can be isolated without enzymatic digestion from the infranatant liposuction aspirate fluid (LAF). We evaluated the effectiveness of an adherent column, currently used to isolate mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow, to isolate LAF cells.
Methods: We applied peripheral blood (PB), PB mixed with cultured ASCs (PB-ASC), and LAF solution to the column and divided it into two fractions, the adherent (positive) and the non-adherent (negative) fractions.
Multipotent stem/progenitor cells localize perivascularly in many organs and vessel walls. These tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells differentiate into vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, and other mesenchymal lineages, and participate in physiological maintenance and repair of vasculatures. In this study, we characterized stromal vascular cells obtained through the explant culture method from three different vessel walls in humans: arterial wall (ART; >500 μm in diameter), venous wall (VN; >500 μm in diameter), and small vessels in adipose tissue (SV; arterioles and venules, <100 μm in diameter).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
April 2013
Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have become the most popular tool for wrinkle treatment and volumization, although HA is generally absorbed within 6-12 months and requires repeated treatments to maintain the effects.
Methods: HA was injected onto the bone for volumization with a small 30-gauge needle to examine the long-lasting effects. Of the 63 Japanese patients with 97 treated sites followed up more than 12 months, 51 had HA injections for cosmetic purposes and 12 were treated for reconstructive volumization of facial deformity such as localized scleroderma and postsurgical bony deformity.
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) have the potential to induce differentiation of epithelial stem cells into hair, and Wnt signaling is deeply involved in the initiation process. The functional limitation of expanded adult DPCs has been a difficult challenge for cell-based hair regrowth therapy. We previously reported that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (VD(3)) upregulates expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, both features of hair-inducing human DPCs (hDPCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdipose tissue (AT) is composed of mature adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, including adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs). We characterized hematopoietic cells residing in human nonobese AT by analyzing the SVF isolated from human lipoaspirates and peripheral blood (PB). Flow cytometry revealed that AT-resident hematopoietic cells consisted of AT-resident macrophages (ATMs) or lymphocytes with a negligible number of granulocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction (SVF), containing adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ASCs), can be easily isolated through enzymatic digestion of aspirated adipose tissue. In clinical settings, however, strict control of technical procedures according to standard operating procedures and validation of cell-processing conditions are required. Therefore, we evaluated the efficiency and reliability of an automated system for SVF isolation from adipose tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Clinical outcomes following fat grafting are variable and technique dependent, and it is unknown how the graft is revascularized. The authors recently observed that living and dead adipocytes can be differentiated not with hematoxylin and eosin staining but with immunohistochemistry for perilipin.
Methods: The viability of cellular components (adipocytes, adipose stem/stromal/progenitor cells, vascular endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells) in human adipose tissue was evaluated using (1) stored lipoaspirates, (2) cultured cells, and (3) organ-cultured adipose tissue.
Objective: Ectopic implantation was first reported by Godina in 1986. We herein present 2 cases in which amputated fingers were salvaged and reconstructed by means of temporary ectopic implantation utilizing perforator anastomoses and chimeric flaps.
Methods: Case 1.
Many features of adipose stem/progenitor cells, including their physiological functions and localization, have been clarified in the past decade. Adipose tissue turns over very slowly, with perivascular progenitor cells differentiating into new adipocytes to replace dead adipocytes. A number of clinical trials using freshly isolated or cultured adipose-derived stromal cells containing adipose progenitor/stem cells are ongoing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been clinically used as an easily prepared growth factor cocktail that can promote wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. However, the therapeutic effects of PRP are still controversial, due partly to the lack of optimized and standardized preparation protocols. We used whole blood (WB) samples to optimize the preparation protocols for PRP, white blood cell-containing (W-PRP), platelet-concentrated plasma (PCP), and noncoagulating platelet-derived factor concentrate (PFC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough hypertrophic scars (HTSs) and keloids are challenging problems, their pathogenesis is not well understood, making therapy difficult. We showed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression was downregulated in HTS compared with normal skin from the same patients, whereas type 1 and 3 collagen and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were upregulated. These differences, however, were not seen in cultured fibroblasts, suggesting the involvement of microenvironmental factors in the pathogenesis of HTS.
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