Pedicle Screw Pull-Out Strength Between the Jamshidi Needle and Pedicle Probe Techniques in an Osteoporotic Cancellous Bone Model: A Biomechanical Study.

Introduction Spinal fusion surgery with pedicle screws is commonly performed to stabilize the spine of osteoporotic patients. However, securing a strong screw fixation in osteoporotic bone presents significant challenges due to the reduced bone density. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical performance in an osteoporotic bone model of pedicle screws inserted using two different techniques, the Jamshidi needle technique and the pedicle probe technique, as well as the influence of tapping on both these techniques.

Transforming a Young Life: Grade 5 Schwab Osteotomy for a Child With Congenital Kyphoscoliosis With Rare T12 Hemivertebra.

Kyphoscoliosis is a spinal disorder where the spine's natural curvature is abnormally altered in multiple planes. It may be associated with the presence of a hemivertebrae, as discussed in this case. Negligence of this deformity may cause symptoms of back pain, worsening spinal deformity leading to reduced lung expansion, or neurological deficit impacting the quality of life for the worse.

Mutagenicity and DNA damage assessment of locally produced nano-hydroxyapatite-silica-glass ionomer cement on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts using Ames and Comet assays.

Aim: This research assessed the mutagenicity and DNA damage of a novel type of nano-hydroxyapatite-silica glass ionomer cement (nano-HA-SiO-GIC) and a conventional GIC (cGIC) using Ames and Comet assays.

Methods: Cell viability was tested on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) using 3.125 mg/ml, 6.

Association between medication adherence and blood pressure control and factors associated with antihypertensive medication adherence in the Melaka Tengah District: A cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: The burden of cardiovascular disease and early morbidity and mortality is exacerbated by hypertension. According to the 2019 National Health and Morbidity Survey, 30% of adults in Malaysia aged over 18 years had hypertension. Our study aimed to investigate the association between medication adherence and blood pressure control and the factors associated with antihypertensive medication adherence.

Comparative analysis of water quality index and river classification in Kereh River, Penang, Malaysia: Impact of untreated swine wastewater from Kampung Selamat pig farms.

The Kereh River in Penang, Malaysia, has faced severe pollution for over 40 years due to untreated wastewater from swine farms in Kampung Selamat, discharged via stormwater drains. Despite official claims that all 77 swine farms treat their wastewater to meet regulatory standards, local non-governmental organizations and villagers have challenged this, though their concerns lack scientific backing. This study evaluates the river's water quality by analyzing samples from upstream (US), midstream (MS), and downstream (DS), and from Parit Cina-Parit Besar, a conduit for untreated swine wastewater.

Caudal regression syndrome associated with obstructive genital tract anomaly.

Transverse vaginal septum (TVS) is a rare obstructive genital tract anomaly. It is associated with primary amenorrhoea and typically presents with cyclical abdominal pain due to obstruction of the menstrual flow. Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is also a rare congenital anomaly that is frequently associated with anomalies of the neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiac, genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems.

Protumorigenic Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), whose production is triggered by interferons, are known to defend the host from pathogenic and cancer-specific antigens, one of which is by inducing apoptosis in infected or mutated cells. It has been reported recently that specific ISGs aid cancer cells in evading immunosurveillance and inflammatory cells by inhibiting the apoptosis process. This report reviewed four apoptosis-regulating ISG proteins: interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), interferon alpha-inducible protein 27 (IFI27), interferon alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6), and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2), demonstrating anti-apoptosis function, and considered them protumorigenic.

Unravelling the effect of extraction on anthocyanin functionality and prebiotic potential.

Anthocyanins, considered as prebiotic ingredients for functional foods, were extracted from black soybean (BS), black grape (BG), black carrot (BCPm), and black rice (BR) using conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The study employed a split-plot design with CSE and MAE as main plot factors and anthocyanin extracts (AEs) as subplot factors. Anthocyanins were evaluated for stability (polymeric color, degradation index) and functionality (antioxidant capacity).

Antibiotic use in tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh: Revealing the extent through a point prevalence survey.

Background: Prevalent use of antibiotics in hospitals results in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), rising mortality, and substantial financial burden. This study assessed the current pattern of antibiotic use among inpatients in tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh.

Methods: Between August and November 2022, we conducted a point prevalence survey in 4 tertiary hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The Incidence and Variation of Corona Mortis in Multiracial Asian: An Insight from 82 Cadavers.

Introduction: Corona Mortis (CMOR) is a term used to describe an anatomical vascular variant of retropubic anastomosis located posterior to superior pubic ramus. We aim to provide sufficient data on the incidence, morphology and mean location of 'crown of death' in Asian population. Other objectives include to assess the relationship between CMOR incidence with gender, race and age.

Applying the Concepts of Benefit and Harm in Malaysian Bioethical Discourse: Analysis of Malaysian Fatwa.

Rapid developments in science and technology have resulted in novel discoveries, leading to new questions particularly related to human values and ethics. Every discovery and technology has positive and negative implications and affects human lives either directly or indirectly, involving all walks of life. Bioethical discourse in Malaysia must consider the multiracial and multireligious background of Malaysia and especially the Islamic view as the majority of Malaysians are Muslims and Islam is the religion of the federation.

Navigating Complexity: A Case Report of Concurrent Central Cord Syndrome and Stroke in an Elderly Gentleman.

Central cord syndrome (CCS) predominantly manifests in elderly individuals with pre-existing cervical spondylosis resulting from hyperextension mechanisms. However, it is not exclusive to the older population and can occur in younger individuals following traumatic cervical spine injuries or, less frequently, due to nontraumatic causes. The impact of this syndrome is more pronounced in the upper extremities, where motor function experiences greater impairment compared to sensory function.

Barriers, facilitators, perceptions and impact of interventions in implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals of low-middle and middle countries: a scoping review.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are pivotal components of the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). ASPs advocate rational antibiotic usage to enhance patient-centered outcomes. However, existing evidence on ASPs and their determinants is largely limited to well-equipped hospitals in high-income nations.

Does heat tolerance actually predict animals' geographic thermal limits?

The "climate extremes hypothesis" is a major assumption of geographic studies of heat tolerance and climatic vulnerability. However, this assumption remains vastly untested across taxa, and multiple factors may contribute to uncoupling heat tolerance estimates and geographic limits. Our dataset includes 1000 entries of heat tolerance data and maximum temperatures for each species' known geographic limits (hereafter, Tmax).

Adenosine triphosphate induced cell death: Mechanisms and implications in cancer biology and therapy.

Adenosine triphosphate ATP) induced cell death (AICD) is a critical cellular process that has garnered substantial scientific interest for its profound relevance to cancer biology and to therapeutic interventions. This comprehensive review unveils the intricate web of AICD mechanisms and their intricate connections with cancer biology. This review offers a comprehensive framework for comprehending the multifaceted role of AICD in the context of cancer.

Anther-derived microspore embryogenesis in pepper hybrids orobelle and Bomby.

Background: Traditional breeding methods have long been employed worldwide for the evaluation and development of pepper cultivars. However, these methods necessitate multiple generations of screening, line development, evaluation, recognition, and crossing to obtain highly homozygous lines. In contrast, in vitro anther-derived microspore culture represents a rapid method to generate homozygous lines within a single generation.

Parametric study of coagulant recovery from water treatment sludge towards water circular economy.

This study aims to recover the used coagulants from two water treatment plants via acidification technique. The water treatment sludge (WTS) was acidified with sulfuric acid (H2SO-4) at variable normalities (0.5, 1, 1.

Perceptions of antibiotic stewardship programmes and determinants of antibiotic prescribing patterns among physicians in tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh: implications for future policy and practice.

Background: The concerning growth of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) renders common infections life-threatening due to irrational antibiotic use and a lack of effective antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs).

Aim: To investigate the awareness, perceptions and practices of physicians regarding ASPs, AMR and antibiotic prescribing in tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh.

Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 11 tertiary care hospitals across Bangladesh between September 2020 and January 2021.

Subcutaneous tissue reaction to a novel nano zinc oxide eugenol dental cement.

Background: Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement is a popular dental material due mainly to its analgesic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The formulation of ZOE cement from nano particle-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) has the potential to increase these properties as well as reduce its adverse effects to the surrounding tissues.

Objective: This study evaluated the subcutaneous tissue response towards nano ZOE cements (ZOE-A and ZOE-B) in comparison to conventional ZOE (ZOE-K).

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among older adults: A comparative analysis of the 6th and 8th national health surveys of Bangladesh.

Background: Hypertension is a major public health concern in low-and middle-income countries. A nationwide Health, Population, and Nutrition Sector Development Program in Bangladesh has been shown to be effective in resource-poor settings. This article aims to investigate whether the prevalence and determinants of adult hypertension changed from 2011 to 2018.

Factors contributing to antibiotic use among children younger than five years old with fever, acute respiratory illness, and diarrhea in Bangladesh.

Introduction: Increasing antibiotic usage is a leading health threat that develops antibiotic resistance. The current practice of antibiotic use among under-five children are unavailable in Bangladesh. We aim to identify the factors of antibiotic use among under-five children with infectious diseases.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of female health care service providers on female genital mutilation in Somalia: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Despite a strong international standpoint against female genital mutilation, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Somalia is extremely high.

Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of female genital mutilation among female health care service providers in order to formulate appropriate policies and programs to eliminate this harmful practice.

Design: Facility-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2019 among female doctors and nurses working in Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia.

Hand hygiene compliance and associated factors among healthcare workers in selected tertiary-care hospitals in Bangladesh.

Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is a fundamental element of patient safety. Adherence to HH among healthcare workers (HCWs) varies greatly depending on a range of factors, including risk perceptions, institutional culture, auditing mechanisms, and availability of HH supplies.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate HH compliance and associated factors among HCWs in selected tertiary-care hospitals in Bangladesh.

Current advances of nanocellulose application in biomedical field.

Nanocellulose (NC) is a natural fiber that can be extracted in fibrils or crystals form from different natural sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. In recent years, nanocellulose has emerged as a sustainable biomaterial for various medicinal applications including drug delivery systems, wound healing, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial treatment due to its biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and exceptional water holding capacity for cell immobilization. Many antimicrobial products can be produced due to the chemical functionality of nanocellulose, such disposable antibacterial smart masks for healthcare use.