Wheat originated from and confers resistance to soil-borne infection to the roots.

(WYMV) is a pathogen transmitted into its host's roots by the soil-borne vector . and genes protect the host from the significant yield losses caused by the virus, but the mechanistic basis of these resistance genes remains poorly understood. Here, it has been shown that and act within the root either by hindering the initial movement of WYMV from the vector into the root and/or by suppressing viral multiplication.

sp. nov., a pathogen causing head rot of broccoli in Japan.

Phytopathogenic bacteria, MAFF 212426, MAFF 212427, MAFF 212428 and MAFF 212429, were isolated from head rot lesions of broccoli ( L. var. Plenck) in Hokkaido, Japan, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization.

sp. nov., a pathogen causing bacterial rot of Welsh onion in Japan.

Five Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, motile with one to three polar flagella, rod-shaped bacterial strains, MAFF 212408, MAFF 212409, MAFF 212410, MAFF 301498 and MAFF 730085, were isolated from diseased Welsh onion ( L.) in Japan. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that they belong to the genus with the highest similarity to 14-3 (99.

Variation of GmIRCHS (Glycine max inverted-repeat CHS pseudogene) is related to tolerance of low temperature-induced seed coat discoloration in yellow soybean.

In yellow soybean, seed coat pigmentation is inhibited by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. A CHS cluster named GmIRCHS (Glycine max inverted-repeat CHS pseudogene) is suggested to cause PTGS in yellow-hilum cultivars. Cold-induced seed coat discoloration (CD), a commercially serious deterioration of seed appearance, is caused by an inhibition of this PTGS upon exposure to low temperatures.