Impact of breast size and composition on the accuracy of mammography and ultrasonography in breast cancer screening.

Background: The accuracy of mammography in breast cancer screening is influenced by different factors such as breast composition. However, previous studies did not evaluate the impact of breast size on examination accuracy. This study aimed to investigate the influence of breast size on the accuracy of mammography and ultrasonography in breast cancer screening using compressed breast thickness (CBT) on mammography as an indicator of breast size.

Parvovirus B19-related membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis presenting with positive glomerular staining for nephritis-associated plasmin receptor: a case report and review of the literature.

Several cases of glomerulonephritis occurring after infection with human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) have been reported. However, the pathogenesis and clinicopathological features of PVB19-related glomerulonephritis remain elusive. We describe the case of a 34 year-old woman who showed nephrotic syndrome and microscopic hematuria 10 days after PVB19 infection.

Evaluation of fatigue, load and the quality of chest compressions by bystanders in hot and humid environments.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the physiological load on bystanders during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the quality of chest compressions in hot and humid environments.

Methods: This prospective experimental study compared the physical load and quality of chest compressions among healthy volunteers who performed 10 min chest compression in a climate chamber under normal conditions (for Tokyo) (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature [WBGT] 21 °C) and hot and humid conditions (WBGT 31 °C). The primary outcome was the depth of chest compressions over a 10-minute period.

Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for layperson bystanders on outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective multicenter observational study.

Background: Effective bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. However, the effect of CPR training on the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) among laypersons has yet to be thoroughly evaluated.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted across 42 centers in Japan.

Epigenetic targets of Janus kinase inhibitors are linked to genetic risks of rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Current strategies that target cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), or signaling molecules (e.

Bundling of collagen fibrils influences osteocyte network formation during bone modeling.

Osteocytes form a cellular network by gap junctions between their cell processes. This network is important since intercellular communication via the network is essential for bone metabolism. However, the factors that influence the formation of this osteocyte network remain unknown.

The effects of breast density on the benefits of mammograms with adjunctive ultrasonography in breast screening.

Objective: Various efforts have been made to improve the accuracy of breast cancer screening. This study aimed to report differences in the contribution of ultrasonography to cancer screening assessments of dense and non-dense breasts.

Methods: The participants in this study were 29,640 Japanese women in their 40 s who underwent breast cancer screening at the Iwate Cancer Society between 2018 and 2021.

Rare case of exostosin 1/exostosin 2-related membranous lupus nephritis concomitant with dual ANCA- and anti-GBM antibody-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis effectively diagnosed by mass spectrometry: a case report.

Background: Recent developments in mass spectrometry (MS) have revealed target antigens for membranous nephropathy (MN), including phospholipase A2 receptor and exostosin 1/exostosin 2 (EXT1/2). EXT1/2 are known antigens of autoimmune disease-related MN, especially membranous lupus nephritis. We describe the case of an elderly man who developed nephrotic syndrome followed by progressive renal dysfunction.

Quality Control of Targeted Plasma Lipids in a Large-Scale Cohort Study Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

High-throughput metabolomics has enabled the development of large-scale cohort studies. Long-term studies require multiple batch-based measurements, which require sophisticated quality control (QC) to eliminate unexpected bias to obtain biologically meaningful quantified metabolomic profiles. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze 10,833 samples in 279 batch measurements.

Canna starch improves immune functions and the intestinal environment in mice.

The present study was conducted to elucidate the dietary effects of canna starch on the immune functions and intestinal luminal environment in mice. The amylose and resistant starch characteristics were determined for six types of starch, including edible canna. Canna starch was found to be higher in amylose and resistant starch compared with the other starches.

Examination of age-related changes in the submandibular glands of male mice.

Salivary gland hypofunction adversely affects the oral environment and daily life by causing dry mouth (xerostomia). Senescence-related atrophy of salivary gland tissues is one cause of xerostomia, and it is particularly common among the elderly. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood, and no treatment has been established.

Specific Mutations near the Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleavage Site Increase γ-Secretase Sensitivity and Modulate Amyloid-β Production.

Amyloid-β peptides (Aβs) are produced via cleavage of the transmembrane region of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by γ-secretase and are responsible for Alzheimer's disease. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is associated with APP mutations that disrupt the cleavage reaction and increase the production of neurotoxic Aβs, i.e.

Ferroelectric Ionic Molecular Crystals with Significant Plasticity and a Low Melting Point: High Performance in Hot-Pressed Polycrystalline Plates and Melt-Grown Crystalline Sheets.

Among ferroelectric crystals based on small molecules, plastic/ferroelectric crystals are currently receiving particular attention because they can be used as bulk polycrystals. Herein, we show that an ionic molecular ferroelectric crystal, guanidinium tetrafluoroborate, exhibits significant malleability and multiaxial ferroelectricity despite the absence of a plastic crystal phase. Powder samples of this crystal can be processed into transparent bulk crystalline plates either by press-forming or by melt-growing.

Distinct transcriptome architectures underlying lupus establishment and exacerbation.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease involving multiple immune cells. To elucidate SLE pathogenesis, it is essential to understand the dysregulated gene expression pattern linked to various clinical statuses with a high cellular resolution. Here, we conducted a large-scale transcriptome study with 6,386 RNA sequencing data covering 27 immune cell types from 136 SLE and 89 healthy donors.

A morphometric analysis of the osteocyte canaliculus using applied automatic semantic segmentation by machine learning.

Introduction: Osteocytes play a role as mechanosensory cells by sensing flow-induced mechanical stimuli applied on their cell processes. High-resolution imaging of osteocyte processes and the canalicular wall are necessary for the analysis of this mechanosensing mechanism. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) enabled the visualization of the structure at the nanometer scale with thousands of serial-section SEM images.

Coexistence of sensory qualities and value representations in human orbitofrontal cortex.

Despite the multiple regions and neural networks associated with value-based decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is possible a particularly important one. Although the role of the OFC in reinforcer devaluation tasks, which assess the ability to represent identity, sensory qualities, and subjective values of the expected outcomes, has been established, the specific aspect represented in this area remains unclear. In this study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, wherein participants rated the palatability of 128 food items using photographs, we investigated whether the human OFC represents object identity, sensory qualities, or value.

Wearing a face mask during controlled-intensity exercise is not a risk factor for exertional heatstroke: A pilot study.

Aim: This study aimed to measure the influence of wearing face masks on individuals' physical status in a hot and humid environment.

Methods: Each participant experienced different physical situations: (i) not wearing a mask (control), (ii) wearing a surgical mask, (iii) wearing a sport mask. An ingestible capsule thermometer was used to measure internal core body temperature during different exercises (standing, walking, and running, each for 20 min) in an artificial weather room with the internal wet-bulb globe temperature set at 28°C.

Contribution of Neuropilin-1 in Radiation-Survived Subclones of NSCLC Cell Line H1299.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an aggressive lung cancer accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer patients. For the patients with Stages IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, the 5-year survival is low though with the combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the occurrence of tumor cells (repopulated tumors) that survive irradiation remains a challenge.

Long-term clinical course of immunotactoid glomerulopathy complicated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

We report a case of immunotactoid glomerulopathy (ITG) complicated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A 68-year-old woman presented with leg edema and was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Renal biopsy revealed ITG.

Systemic Elevation of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3-PUFA) Is Associated with Protection against Visual, Motor, and Emotional Deficits in Mice following Closed-Head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration leading to various pathological complications such as motor and sensory (visual) deficits, cognitive impairment, and depression. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) containing lipids are known to be anti-inflammatory, whereas the sphingolipid, ceramide (Cer), is an inducer of neuroinflammation and degeneration. Using Fat1-transgenic mice that contain elevated levels of systemic n-3 PUFA, we tested whether they are resistant to mild TBI-mediated sensory-motor and emotional deficits by subjecting Fat1-transgenic mice and their WT littermates to focal cranial air blast (50 psi) or sham blast (0 psi, control).

Possible Pseudo-progression of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma in a Patient With Clinical Hyper-progression Associated With Trousseau Syndrome Who Was Treated With Pembrolizumab: A Case Report.

Background/aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have recently been shown to have clinical benefits in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The novel tumour responses to these agents are changing the management of patients with cancer. Pseudo-progression of disease (pseudo-PD), that is, an initial flare followed by shrinkage of the tumour, has been described as a distinctive response to ICIs.

Stabilization of Interfacial Polarization and Induction of Polarization Hysteresis in Organic MISIM Devices.

Molecule-based ferroelectrics has attracted much attention because of its advantages, such as flexibility, light weight, and low environmental load. In the present work, we examined an organic metal|insulator|semiconductor|insulator|metal (MISIM) device structure to stabilize the interfacial polarization in the S layer and to induce polarization hysteresis even without bulk ferroelectrics. The MISIM devices with I = parylene C and S = TMB (=3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine)-TCNQ (=tetracyanoquinodimethane) exhibited hysteresis loops in the polarization-voltage (-) curves not only at room temperature but also over a wide temperature range down to 80 K.