Na/Cl cotransporter 2 is not fish-specific and is widely found in amphibians, non-avian reptiles, and select mammals.

Solute carrier 12 (Slc12) is a family of electroneutral cation-coupled chloride (Cl) cotransporters. Na/K/2Cl (Nkcc) and Na/Cl cotransporters (Ncc) belong to the Nkcc/Ncc subfamily. Human and mouse possess one gene for the Na/Cl cotransporter ( gene: ), whereas teleost fishes possess multiple genes, () and (), in addition to their species-specific paralogs.

Insight into the mechanism of end-of-day far-red light (EODFR)-induced shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Shade avoidance responses are changes in plant architecture to reduce the part of a body that is in the shade in natural habitats. The most common warning signal that induces shade avoidance responses is reduction of red/far-red light ratio perceived by phytochromes. A pair of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, named PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and PIF5, is crucially involved in the shade avoidance-induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The EC night-time repressor plays a crucial role in modulating circadian clock transcriptional circuitry by conservatively double-checking both warm-night and night-time-light signals in a synergistic manner in Arabidopsis thaliana.

During the last decade, significant research progress has been made in Arabidopsis thaliana in defining the molecular mechanisms behind the plant circadian clock. The circadian clock must have the ability to integrate both external light and ambient temperature signals into its transcriptional circuitry to regulate its function properly. We previously showed that transcription of a set of clock genes including LUX (LUX ARRHYTHMO), GI (GIGANTEA), LNK1 (NIGHT LIGHT-INDUCIBLE AND CLOCK-REGULATED GENE 1), PRR9 (PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 9) and PRR7 is commonly regulated through the evening complex (EC) night-time repressor in response to both moderate changes in temperature (Δ6°C) and differences in steady-state growth-compatible temperature (16-28°C).

Ambient temperature signal feeds into the circadian clock transcriptional circuitry through the EC night-time repressor in Arabidopsis thaliana.

An interlocking multiloop model has been generally accepted to describe the transcriptional circuitry of core clock genes, through which robust circadian rhythms are generated in Arabidopsis thaliana. The circadian clock must have the ability to integrate ambient temperature signals into the clock transcriptional circuitry to regulate clock function properly. Clarification of the underlying mechanism is a longstanding subject in the field.