Kamebakaurin Suppresses Antigen-Induced Mast Cell Activation by Inhibition of FcεRI Signaling Pathway.

Introduction: Kamebakaurin is an active constituent of both Rabdosia japonica and Rabdosia excisa, which are utilized in Chinese traditional medicine for improving symptoms in patients with allergies. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of the anti-allergic effects of kamebakaurin using BMMCs.

Methods: The degranulation ratio, histamine release, and the interleukin (IL)-4, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and cysteinyl leukotriene productions on antigen-triggered BMMC were investigated.

Single base substitution signatures 17a, 17b, and 40 are induced by γ-ray irradiation in association with increased reactive oxidative species.

γ-Ray irradiation induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and increases the risk of cancerization. Irradiated cells usually repair DSBs directly, but accumulate replication stress-associated DSBs, increasing the risk of structural variants (SVs). Although single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are also induced, it is still unclear which SNVs are induced by γ-ray irradiation.

Open-Circuit-Voltage Improvement Mechanism of Perovskite Solar Cells Revealed by Operando Spin Observation.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention as important next-generation solar cells. Their solar cell performance is known to change during operation, but the root cause of the instability remains unclear. This report describes an investigation using electron spin resonance (ESR) to evaluate an improvement mechanism for the open-circuit voltage, , of inverted perovskite solar cells at the initial stage of device operation.

Genome destabilization-associated phenotypes arising as a consequence of therapeutic treatment are suppressed by Olaparib.

Malignancy is often associated with therapeutic resistance and metastasis, usually arising after therapeutic treatment. These include radio- and chemo-therapies, which cause cancer cell death by inducing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). However, it is still unclear how resistance to these DSBs is induced and whether it can be suppressed.

Echoed induction of nucleotide variants and chromosomal structural variants in cancer cells.

Generally, the number of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in somatic cells increases with age, which is expected for replication errors. The number of SNVs in cancer cells, however, is often much higher than that in somatic cells, raising the question of whether cancer cells possess SNV induction pathways. The present study shows that the number of SNVs in cancer cells correlates with the number of chromosomal structural variants (SVs).

A Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Histamine in Mast Cells Using a Didansyl Derivatization Method.

Background: Mast cells play a central role in allergic responses such as food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. Symptoms in the early phase of these allergic diseases are primarily caused by histamine. However, due to the high histidine content in the cytosol and low histamine content in secretory granules, separating and quantifying histamine from histidine is often difficult.

Potential Anti-allergic Effects of Bibenzyl Derivatives from Liverworts, Radula perrottetii.

The liverwort contains various bibenzyl derivatives which are known to possess various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory effects. Mast cells (MC) play crucial roles in allergic and inflammatory diseases; thus, inhibition of MC activation is pivotal for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory disorders. We investigated the effects of perrottetin D (perD), isolated from , and perD diacetate (Ac-perD) on antigen-induced activation of MCs.