Publications by authors named "Haruei Ogino"
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory inflammatory disease that affects the rectum and colon, with pivotal involvement of the rectal environment in relapse initiation. This study was conducted in two phases to examine the differences in gene expression between the rectum and colon and to identify relapse factors.
Methods: In ***Study 1, RNA sequencing was performed on biopsies from the colon and rectum of patients with active UC, those with remission UC, and controls.
Article Synopsis
- The Japan Gastroenterological Association released clinical guidelines for chronic diarrhea in 2023, detailing its definition, classification, and diagnostic methods.
- The guidelines emphasize distinguishing between types of chronic diarrhea and recommend lifestyle and dietary changes as the first line of treatment, followed by probiotics and anti-diarrheals.
- They also note that many other treatments lack sufficient evidence, indicating a need for future research to improve chronic diarrhea management globally.
EP prostanoid receptor (EPR) contributes to the intestinal epithelial Cl secretion, and inhibition of prostaglandin E (PGE) production by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) plays a central role in NSAID-induced enteropathy. Although M muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (MR) also contributes to the intestinal epithelial Cl secretion, it remains unclear whether MR is involved in NSAID-induced enteropathy due to a lack of selective agents. The present study explored how MR is involved in the regulation of the intestinal epithelial Cl secretion and its pathophysiological role in NSAID-induced enteropathy.
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- - The Japan Gastroenterological Association released the first version of clinical guidelines for chronic constipation in 2023, detailing its definition, classification, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options based on the latest evidence.
- - Treatment begins by identifying whether constipation is secondary due to other diseases or medications, then assessing for motility disorders; initial management includes lifestyle changes and osmotic laxatives.
- - The guidelines emphasize a structured approach to diagnosis and treatment, including flowcharts, and suggest that stimulant laxatives should be used sparingly while alternative therapies have less evidence.
Background: This registry aims to allow for a prospective non-interventional observational study of ulcerative colitis. This will facilitate monitoring of the current state of ulcerative colitis in Japan and improving the long-term disease course and adverse events associated with current treatment options.
Methods: Inclusion of patients from five centres in Japan is planned.
Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard treatment for early gastric neoplasms (EGN). Controlling intraoperative bleeding is crucial for ensuring safe and reliable procedures. ESD using the spray coagulation mode (SCM-ESD) has been developed to control bleeding more effectively than ESD using the conventional forced coagulation mode (FCM-ESD).
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- This study focuses on reflux hypersensitivity (RH), a severe form of gastroesophageal reflux disease, specifically looking at how an advanced endoscopy system can help assess duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER).
- Researchers tested a special imaging mode (Bil mode) for visibility of bilirubin and compared its effectiveness against traditional imaging techniques, finding it significantly superior for certain concentrations.
- Results indicated that higher bilirubin levels in the esophagus correlate well with nonacid reflux events, suggesting that the Bil mode could be an effective tool for diagnosing RH in patients.
Background: We have determined that the impaired accommodation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) underlies the pathogenesis of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO). We have also found that acotiamide may treat EGJOO by improving impaired LES accommodation. The effects of acotiamide in patients with EGJOO need to be further confirmed in a prospective study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[A stepwise treatment strategy based on the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome].
Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi
March 2023
Background And Aims: EUS-guided FNA/biopsy (EUS-FNA/B) is the citerion standard for diagnosing subepithelial lesions (SELs); however, its diagnostic ability for SELs <20 mm is low. We developed a new diagnostic method to differentiate between GI stromal tumor (GIST) and non-GIST by measuring high-frequency impedance (H-impedance) using an EUS-FNB needle.
Methods: The H-impedance of gastric epithelial neoplasms from 16 cases were measured with a conventional impedance probe to confirm whether H-impedance is clinically useful for assessing cell density (study 1).
Background & Aims: Hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (H-ESD), which incorporates endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with endoscopic mucosal resection, has been developed to make ESD technically easier. This study aimed to determine if H-ESD is superior to conventional ESD (C-ESD) for small early gastric neoplasms (EGNs).
Methods: We conducted a multi-center, prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial to compare the treatment outcomes of H-ESD and C-ESD (Hybrid-G Trial).
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are common subepithelial lesions (SELs) and require treatment considering their malignant potential. We recently developed an endoscopic ultrasound-based artificial intelligence (EUS-AI) system to differentiate GISTs from non-GISTs in gastric SELs, which were used to train the system. We assessed whether the EUS-AI system designed for diagnosing gastric GISTs could be applied to non-gastric GISTs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: High-resolution manometry (HRM) is the gold standard for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders (EMDs); however, it requires specialized equipment. The development of more accessible screening examinations is expected. We evaluated the utility of barium esophagography (BE) screening using two novel findings to diagnose EMDs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The specific role of the M muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in gastrointestinal motility under physiological conditions is unclear, due to a lack of subtype-selective compounds.
Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the region-specific role of the M receptor in gastrointestinal motility.
Methods: We developed a novel positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the M receptor, PAM-369.
Background: Mucosal incision-assisted biopsy (MIAB) is a valuable alternative to endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNAB) for sampling gastric subepithelial lesions (SELs). This study aimed to evaluate the potential risk of dissemination and impact on postoperative prognosis associated with MIAB, which has not yet been investigated.
Methods: Study 1: A prospective observational study was conducted to examine the presence or absence and growth rate of tumor cells in gastric juice before and after the procedure in patients with SELs who underwent MIAB (n = 25) or EUS-FNAB (n = 22) between September 2018 and August 2021.
Objective: To compare treatment outcomes between injection endoscopic submucosal dissection using ProKnife (P-ESD) and conventional ESD (C-ESD) for gastric lesions.
Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, we compared treatment outcomes of P-ESD and C-ESD for simulated gastric lesions ≥3 cm in resected porcine stomachs. Predictive factors associated with ESD difficulties were investigated using logistic regression analysis.