Patient Outcomes Associated With Utilization of Education, Case Management, and Advanced Practice Pharmacy Services by American Indian and Alaska Native Peoples With Diabetes.

Background: The burden of diabetes is exceptionally high among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) peoples. The Indian Health Service (IHS) and Tribal health programs provide education, case management, and advanced practice pharmacy (ECP) services for AI/ANs with diabetes to improve their health outcomes.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate patient outcomes associated with ECP use by AI/AN adults with diabetes.

Tiers of intervention in kindergarten through third grade.

This study measured the effects of increasing levels of intervention in reading for a cohort of children in Grades K through 3 to determine whether the severity of reading disability (RD) could be significantly reduced in the catchment schools. Tier 1 consisted of professional development for teachers of reading. The focus of this study is on additional instruction that was provided as early as kindergarten for children whose achievement fell below average.

Layers of reading intervention in kindergarten through third grade: changes in teaching and student outcomes.

In this study, students and their teachers participated in a layered approach to reading intervention in kindergarten through third grade that included professional development for teachers in scientifically based reading instruction, ongoing measurement of reading progress, and additional small-group or individual instruction for students whose progress was insufficient to maintain grade-level reading achievement. Reading outcomes were compared with historical control groups of students in the same schools. The findings revealed overall improvements in reading, improved reading for students who began the study in high-risk categories, and decreases in the incidence of reading disability at the end of third grade.

Effects of a statewide antismoking campaign on mass media messages and smoking beliefs.

BACKGROUND. In 1985, The Minnesota Legislature initiated a long-term and broad-based program to deter adolescent tobacco use. The initiative was funded by higher taxes on tobacco products and combined school-based programming, mass-media campaigns, and local community grants.

Factors associated with late smoking initiation in Minnesota women.

This case-control study investigated factors associated with late initiation (i.e., initiation after the age of 17 years) of smoking among young women.

Results from a statewide approach to adolescent tobacco use prevention.

Background: The 1985 Minnesota Legislature established guidelines for school-based tobacco-use prevention programming and provided financial incentives to school districts to encourage them to adopt a broad range of preventive measures. The Minnesota-Wisconsin Adolescent Tobacco-Use Research Project was funded by the National Cancer Institute in 1986 to evaluate the Minnesota initiative through two parallel studies.

Methods: The Four Group Comparison Study was a prospective study of 48 school "units" which were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in 1987.

A statewide approach to adolescent tobacco-use prevention: the Minnesota-Wisconsin Adolescent Tobacco-Use Research Project.

Adolescent smoking rates remain high and the use of smokeless tobacco is increasing, especially among males. Despite this continuing public health problem and the recent development of more effective prevention programs, few adolescents now participate in such programs at school. Recent legislation in Minnesota established guidelines for tobacco-use prevention programming and provides financial incentives to school districts to use more effective methods.

Minnesota plan for nonsmoking and health: multidisciplinary approach to risk factor control.

In 1981, the Minnesota Department of Health began a long-term program to control risk factors for the major health problems of the State as determined by an expert committee. The methods chosen to initiate programs were social, economic, and epidemiologic background research and a multidisciplinary statewide planning process. Smoking was considered the most important problem.