Cyanoacrylate glue in the repair of retinal detachment associated with posterior retinal breaks in infants and children.

Purpose: To share the authors' experience with cyanoacrylate glue in posterior retinal breaks associated with retinal detachments in infants and children.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed of four consecutive pediatric patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for retinal detachment associated with posterior retinal breaks, for which cyanoacrylate glue was used.

Results: In three of the four patients, successful retinal reattachment with visual function was achieved by vitreoretinal surgery and cyanoacrylate placed on the apposed edges of posterior retinal breaks or used to plug a break (postoperative follow-up was 1.

Quantitative analysis of macular holes with scanning laser tomography.

Objective: The purpose of the study is to establish objective, quantitative, and reproducible three-dimensional analysis for macular holes with scanning laser tomography and to correlate measurements with visual acuity.

Design: The authors performed a cross-sectional, nonrandomized study.

Participants: The authors examined 28 full-thickness macular holes of 23 patients aged 61 to 84 years.

Deep retinal vascular anomalous complexes in advanced age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: The authors describe the clinical characteristics of a group of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), deep retinal vascular anomalous complexes (RVACs), advanced Bruch membrane changes, and severe visual loss. Based on clinical evaluation and imaging studies, the authors hypothesize the cause of such retinal vascular formations.

Patients And Methods: The authors quantified an initial case series of 6 patients and expanded it to 11 patients (14 eyes) with AMD and RVACs diagnosed by fluorescein angiography or slit-lamp examination.

Difficulties in excluding the diagnosis of retinoblastoma in cases of advanced Coats' disease: a clinicopathologic report.

We highlight the difficulty in differentiating Coats' disease from retinoblastoma. Two patients with bullous exudative retinal detachment and abnormal vessels are discussed. Histologic evaluation of the 5-year-old patient revealed retinoblastoma.

Characteristics of exudative age-related macular degeneration determined in vivo with confocal and indirect infrared imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the current and future interventions in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), it is essential to delineate the early clinical features associated with later visual loss. The authors describe the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/Bruch membrane region in ten patients with advance exudative AMD using current angiographic techniques and a noninvasive method: infrared (IR) imaging with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

Methods: Ten patients with exudative AMD, evidence by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), fibrovascular scar formation, pigment epithelial detachment, or serous subretinal fluid,were examined using IR imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and stereoscopic viewing of fundus slides.

Glaucoma as a cause of poor vision in severe retinopathy of prematurity.

Despite surgical reattachment of the retina in infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), visual acuity may decline. We performed gonioscopy and applanation tonometry on 26 eyes of 17 infants with severe ROP who were randomly selected and followed prospectively for 2 years. Of these 26 eyes, one eye of one patient had only peripheral retinocryopexy for threshold stage III disease and had an attached retina before enrollment into the study.

Intraocular pressure determination in infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity.

We determined intraocular pressure (IOP) in 55 premature infants (122 determinations) with stage V retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by applanation and indentation tonometry corrected for scleral rigidity and found a modest correlation of r = 0.52 between readings. Chronologic age and the scleral rigidity coefficient were the most significant factors affecting the closeness in readings.

Classification of retinal pigment epithelial detachments associated with drusen.

To understand the natural history of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) detachments (PEDs) associated with drusen, we retrospectively reviewed 125 PEDs that had not undergone laser treatment over an average follow-up period of 28 months. We identified six types of RPE detachments: pseudo-vitelliform, confluent drusen, serous, vascular, and hemorrhagic lesions as well as PEDs associated with a retinal vascular abnormality. We correlated the type of detachment with visual acuity and anatomic outcome.

Anterior segment evaluation of infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

To understand the mechanisms of glaucoma in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), anterior segment evaluation is essential. The authors prospectively examined the anterior segment of 27 eyes of 17 premature infants with stages IV and V ROP. Twenty-six eyes received no previous surgery or treatment.

Mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Conferring Resistance to the Herbicide Sulfometuron Methyl.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants resistant to the herbicide sulfometuron methyl (SM) were isolated and characterized. Growth of C. reinhardtii is sensitive to inhibition by SM at a concentration of 1 micromolar.

Comparison of the prophylactic effects of 2-deoxycytidine and prednisolone for high-dose intravenous cytarabine-induced keratitis.

In a double-masked, randomized fashion, 11 patients with hematologic malignancies received 13 courses of high-dose cytarabine therapy, intravenously (3 g/m2 every 12 hours for five to six days). Each patient received topical prednisolone phosphate 1% in one eye and 2-deoxycytidine 100 microM in the other eye every six hours. Topical therapy was initiated 12 hours before the first cytarabine dose and continued for up to ten days (until four to five days after completion of cytarabine therapy).

Domperidone, a new dopamine antagonist.

Domperidone is a dopamine antagonist that has recently been released in Canada. Unlike metoclopramide hydrochloride, the other available dopamine antagonist, it does not readily enter the central nervous system. Domperidone acts as both an antiemetic and an upper gastrointestinal tract prokinetic agent.

Natural killer cells suppress human erythroid stem cell proliferation in vitro.

To determine the role of natural killer (NK) cells in the regulation of human erythropoiesis, we studied the effects of NK-enriched cell populations on the in vitro proliferation of erythroid stem cells at three different levels of maturation (day 14 blood BFU-E, day 5-6 marrow CFU-E, and day 10-12 marrow BFU-E). NK cells were enriched from blood by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), using the human natural killer cell monoclonal antibody, HNK-1. The isolated enriched fractions were cocultured with autologous nonadherent marrow cells or blood null cells and erythropoietin in a methylcellulose erythroid culture system.

Do diuretics have antihypertensive properties independent of natriuresis?

To ascertain whether diuretics have an antihypertensive effect independent of natriuresis, 12 stable patients on maintenance hemodialysis underwent a crossover evaluation with hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg daily, metolazone, 5 mg daily, or placebo in 4-wk treatment periods for 6 mo. Compliance was assured by pill counts and serum drug concentrations. All patients had daily urine less than 100 ml.

Long-term minoxidil therapy in patients with refractory hypertension and renal disease.

Minoxidil, an orally effective vasodilator, was successful in lowering blood pressure in 22 patients, followed up for up to 3 yrs, with hypertension refractory to medical management, including both antihypertensive drug combinations and ultrafiltration. In nondialysis patients renal function was preserved and in dialysis patients bilateral nephrectomy was avoided. Although sodium retention and reflex tachycardia were common, they were managed by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and diuresis with furosemide.

Effect of sodium intake on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the rat.

Gentamicin nephrotoxicity was examined in rats on normal, high, and low sodium diets. Low sodium diet markedly potentiated nephrotoxic effects of the drug as evidenced by animal mortality, renal failure, pathological changes, and increased renal cortical concentration of the drug. High sodium intake reduced the cortical concentration of gentamicin but renal function and ultrastructure were similar to normally fed rats given in the same dose.

A light and electron microscopic analysis of gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats.

The sequence of proximal tubular damage and repair after gentamicin sulfate administration was studied by light and electron microscopy in Fischer 344 rats. The drug was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg for up to 14 days. Although epithelial destruction was progressive with time, the extent and degree of tubular damage varied among animals at each interval.