[Delayed neuropsychological sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning].

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a very common intoxication worldwide. Its clinical manifestations vary from symptoms like mild headache and dizziness to more serious issues including death. Less well known are symptoms that occur with a delay of 2-40 days, such as movement disorders, cognitive impairment or affective disorders.

Default mode network activity in schizophrenia studied at resting state using probabilistic ICA.

Alterations in brain function in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders are evident not only during specific cognitive challenges, but also from functional MRI data obtained during a resting state. Here we apply probabilistic independent component analysis (pICA) to resting state fMRI series in 25 schizophrenia patients and 25 matched healthy controls. We use an automated algorithm to extract the ICA component representing the default mode network (DMN) as defined by a DMN-specific set of 14 brain regions, resulting in z-scores for each voxel of the (whole-brain) statistical map.

Computer assisted analysis of MR-mammography reveals association between contrast enhancement and occurrence of distant metastasis.

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is able to detect breast cancer with high sensitivity. Furthermore, this method provides functional information on tissue composition and vascularization. This study aims to identify the potential of DCE-MRI to predict distant metastasis in breast cancer patients using computer assisted interpretation of dynamic enhancement data.

Antipsychotic drug effects on left prefrontal phospholipid metabolism: a follow-up 31P-2D-CSI study of haloperidol and risperidone in acutely ill chronic schizophrenia patients.

Introduction: ³¹Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D chemical shift imaging, CSI) allows multiregional study of membrane phospholipids and high-energy phosphates in vivo. Increased membrane lipid turnover and impaired energy supply have repeatedly been shown in first-episode schizophrenia patients, and might be a target of drug actions other than dopamine receptors. Here, we explored differential metabolic effects of a typical vs.

Imaging of lamination patterns of the adult human olfactory bulb and tract: in vitro comparison of standard- and high-resolution 3T MRI, and MR microscopy at 9.4 T.

Purpose: Neurological and smelling disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, sinonasal disease) negatively affect the microstructural integrity of the olfactory bulb's (OB) cortical layers.

Time course of cortical plasticity after facial nerve palsy: a single-case study.

Background: Functional connectivity is defined as the temporal correlation between spatially remote neurophysiological events. This method has become particularly useful for studying neuroplasticity to detect changes in the collaboration of brain areas during cortical reorganization.

Methods: In this article, the authors longitudinally studied voxel-based morphometry and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging 10 times in 1 patient during the course of Bell palsy (idiopathic facial nerve palsy) up to complete clinical recovery.

In vitro comparison of water displacement method and 3 Tesla MRI for MR-volumetry of the olfactory bulb: which sequence is appropriate?

Rationale And Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging olfactory bulb (OB) volumetry (OBV) is already used as a complementary prognostic tool to assess olfactory disorders. However, a reference standard in imaging for OBV has not been established. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare volumetric results of different magnetic resonance sequences for OBV at 3 T to genuine OB volumes measured by water displacement.

Reproducibility and repeatability of volumetric measurements for olfactory bulb volumetry: which method is appropriate? An update using 3 Tesla MRI.

Rationale And Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare different sequences for olfactory bulb volumetry using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging, evaluating reproducibility, repeatability, and systematic biases.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two volunteers underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging of the frontal skull base in this prospective study. Imaging included constructive interference in steady state (CISS), T2-weighted (T2w) three-dimensional (3D) sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions, and T2w two-dimensional (2D) turbo spin-echo sequences.

Cortical reorganization in Bell's palsy.

Purpose: Bell's palsy, a unilateral, idiopathic facial nerve palsy, is a common disorder that is generally followed by a good recovery of function. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of such a transiently decreased motor control (without deafferentation) on the functional reorganization of the brain.

Methods: To address this issue, functional MRI was applied to 10 patients in the acute state of Bell's palsy and after their complete clinical recovery.

Application of MR mammography beyond local staging: is there a potential to accurately assess axillary lymph nodes? evaluation of an extended protocol in an initial prospective study.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to clinically test an extended MR mammography (MRM) protocol for combined local staging (T-staging) and locoregional staging (N-staging) of breast cancer within one single examination using a dedicated whole-body scanner.

Subjects And Methods: Fifty-six consecutive primary breast cancer patients without prior treatment underwent MRM and surgicopathological N-staging. The MRM protocol (10 minutes; axial T1-weighted gradient-recalled echo; dynamic contrast-enhanced; T2-weighted; turbo spin-echo) was extended to evaluate axillary lymph nodes (90 seconds; coronal T2-weighted HASTE; T1-weighted volumetric breath-hold examination; field of view, both axillae, supraclavicular nodes, and cervical nodes).

Artificial Neural Networks for differential diagnosis of breast lesions in MR-Mammography: a systematic approach addressing the influence of network architecture on diagnostic performance using a large clinical database.

Rationale And Objectives: Differential diagnosis of lesions in MR-Mammography (MRM) remains a complex task. The aim of this MRM study was to design and to test robustness of Artificial Neural Network architectures to predict malignancy using a large clinical database.

Materials And Methods: For this IRB-approved investigation standardized protocols and study design were applied (T1w-FLASH; 0.

Visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis of diagnostic image quality for high resolution 3 Tesla MRI volumetry of the olfactory bulb.

Rationale And Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for olfactory bulb volumetry, comparing image quality obtained using different sequences on the basis of physical characteristics in combination with observer performance.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two healthy volunteers (11 men, 11 women; mean age, 25 years) underwent 3-T MRI of the frontal skull base in this prospective study. Imaging was performed using a constructive interference in steady state (CISS) three-dimensional Fourier transformation sequence, a three-dimensional T2-weighted (3D-T2w) sequence, and a two-dimensional T2-weighted (2D-T2w) sequence.

Evaluation of the early phase of Bell's palsy using 3 T MRI.

This prospective study on Bell's palsy investigated the value of 3 T MRI as a diagnostic tool to evaluate pathophysiological changes (i.e. edema) of facial nerve segments and the possibility to differentiate patients with high risk for incomplete recovery from patients who recover completely within 3 days after symptoms onset.

Gray and white matter reduction in hyposmic subjects--A voxel-based morphometry study.

The absence of olfactory input causes structural brain remodelling in humans. Mainly, the olfactory bulb and cortical olfactory areas are involved in this process. The aim of our study was to investigate volume changes of the gray and white matter in a group of subjects with an impaired but not complete loss of olfaction (hyposmia).

Anosmia leads to a loss of gray matter in cortical brain areas.

Chronic olfactory disorders, including the complete loss of the sense of smell (anosmia), are common. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), structural changes in the cerebral gray matter (GM) of a group of patients with anosmia compared with a normosmic, healthy control group were evaluated. Patients with anosmia presented a significant decrease of GM volume mainly in the nucleus accumbens with adjacent subcallosal gyrus, in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) including the middle and anterior cingulate cortices, and in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC).

Improvement of visualization of the intermediofacial nerve in the temporal bone using 3T magnetic resonance imaging: part 1: the facial nerve.

Purpose: This study examines the identifiability of the intratemporal motor facial nerve using 3-T and 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Twenty subjects underwent T1- and T2-weighted MRI of the temporal bone.

Three-dimensional imaging of active and passive middle ear prostheses using multislice computed tomography.

Objective: This study examined the explanatory power of 3-dimensional visualization of middle ear prostheses and to introduce this method as a supplementary diagnostic tool.

Methods: Various prostheses were examined in vitro. Surface rendering and perspective volume-rendering techniques were compared with axial, curviplanar, and maximum intensity projection images.

Three-dimensional visualization of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Clinical results of a standardized approach using multislice helical computed tomography.

Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce 3-dimensional (3D) visualization of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses as a diagnostic tool and to examination the clinical results of its standardized application.

Methods: One hundred sixty patients with chronic or acute nasal symptoms underwent helical computed tomography scanning and fiberoptic endoscopy of the sinuses, and 120 of them underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. The 3D images were compared with the axial and multiplanar reconstructed images using a checklist comprising important anatomic landmarks.