Morphological and cellular effects in Boana faber tadpoles (Anura: Hylidae) exposed to atrazine-based herbicide and glyphosate-based herbicide and their mixtures.

Atrazine and glyphosate are considered some of the main pollutants for aquatic ecosystems, directly and indirectly affecting non-target organisms, such as amphibians. This study aimed to evaluate the sublethal effects of different concentrations of atrazine-based herbicide (ABH) and glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) commercial formulations, both individually and in a mixture, through toxicity tests on the larval stage of Boana faber. Tadpoles were exposed to concentrations of ABH (2, 9.

Understanding the Carbyne Formation from CH Complexes.

Nature chooses a high-valent tungsten center at the active site of the enzyme acetylene hydratase to facilitate acetylene hydration to acetaldehyde. However, the reactions of tungsten-coordinated acetylene are still not well understood, which prevents the development of sustainable bioinspired alkyne hydration catalysts. Here we report the reactivity of two bioinspired tungsten complexes with the acetylene ligand acting as a four-: [W(CO)(CH)(PymS)] () and a two-electron donor: [WO(CH)(PymS)] (), with PMe as a nucleophile to simulate the enzyme's reactivity (PymS = 4-(trifluoromethyl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2-thiolate).

Pharmacological management of pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Pediatric obesity, characterized by a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for age, affects a substantial number of children and adolescents worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, represents a prominent hepatic manifestation of obesity and metabolic syndrome, emerging as the most prevalent hepatic disorder among pediatric patients and a significant contributor to liver transplantation in adults. The escalating prevalence of pediatric MASLD mirrors the alarming rise in childhood obesity rates over recent decades.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the elderly: 5-Year follow-up study.

Background: Older adults remain active for longer and continue sports and activities that require rotation on one leg later in life. The rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears is therefore increasing in those over 40 years old, with an associated increase in the rate of surgical reconstruction (ACLR), but there is limited literature on its effectiveness. Our aim was to compare the outcomes of elderly patients who have undergone ACLR with those of a younger group of patients.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets from severe trauma patients - A prospective case-control study.

Introduction: Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) refers to an abnormal coagulation process, an imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis due to several pathological factors, such as haemorrhage and tissue injury. Platelet activation and subsequent clot formation are associated with mitochondrial activity, suggesting a possible role for mitochondria in TIC. Comprehensive studies of mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets from severe trauma patients have not yet been performed.

Could exhaled methane be used as a possible indicator for hemodynamic changes in trauma induced hemorrhagic shock? Scientific basis supported by a case study.

Introduction: Identification of severe blood loss and hemorrhagic shock in polytrauma patients poses a key challenge for trauma teams across the world, as there are just a few objective parameters, on which clinicians can rely. We investigated the relationship between exhaled air methane (CH) concentration and blood loss in a polytrauma patient. Decreased blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is one of the first compensatory responses to blood loss.

Detection of levamisole and its metabolites in horses after oral levamisole administration over seven days.

Objective: Levamisole is a regulated substance sometimes administered to racehorses to treat equine protozoal myelitis. Metabolites include compound II, aminorex, and pemoline. Aminorex and pemoline are Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority-banned substances.

Fecal gelatinase does not predict mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Alcohol-associated liver disease is highly prevalent worldwide, with alcohol-associated hepatitis as a severe form characterized by substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Gut bacterial dysbiosis has been linked to progression of alcohol-associated hepatitis. Fecal cytolysin secreted by the pathobiont () is associated with increased mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Bitter tastants relax the mouse gallbladder smooth muscle independent of signaling through tuft cells and bitter taste receptors.

Disorders of gallbladder motility can lead to serious pathology. Bitter tastants acting upon bitter taste receptors (TAS2R family) have been proposed as a novel class of smooth muscle relaxants to combat excessive contraction in the airways and other organs. To explore whether this might also emerge as an option for gallbladder diseases, we here tested bitter tastants for relaxant properties and profiled Tas2r expression in the mouse gallbladder.

Faecal proteomics links neutrophil degranulation with mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Objective: Patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) have a high mortality. Alcohol exacerbates liver damage by inducing gut dysbiosis, bacterial translocation and inflammation, which is characterised by increased numbers of circulating and hepatic neutrophils.

Design: In this study, we performed tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics to analyse proteins in the faeces of controls (n=19), patients with alcohol-use disorder (AUD; n=20) and AH (n=80) from a multicentre cohort (InTeam).

Treatment of MDR, Pre-XDR, XDR, and Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis or in Case of Intolerance to at Least Rifampicin in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.

Based on the assessment of new evidence, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated its guidelines for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in December 2022. The new recommendations and the latest study data made it necessary to update the existing guideline on the treatment of at least rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) for the German-speaking countries, replacing the respective chapters of the treatment guidelines published in 2022. A shortened treatment of proven RR-TB and multidrug-resistant TB for at least 6 months using the fixed and non-modifiable drug combination of bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin (BPaLM) is now also recommended for Austria, Germany, and Switzerland under certain conditions considering the existing barriers for the implementation of the new treatment regimen.

Collagenous gastritis with elevated fecal calprotectin in a pediatric patient.

Collagenous gastritis is a rare and chronic inflammatory condition of undetermined etiology characterized histologically by thickened subepithelial collagen bands and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. Here, we present a collagenous gastritis case in a 16-year-old female with chronic abdominal pain, persistently elevated fecal calprotectin (507 and 796 mcg/g), and resolved iron deficiency anemia. The patient's history, laboratory tests, endoscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging ruled out common causes of elevated fecal calprotectin, including and gastrointestinal infections, medications, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as less common causes such as collagenous .

Camera trap surveys of Atlantic Forest mammals: A data set for analyses considering imperfect detection (2004-2020).

Camera traps became the main observational method of a myriad of species over large areas. Data sets from camera traps can be used to describe the patterns and monitor the occupancy, abundance, and richness of wildlife, essential information for conservation in times of rapid climate and land-cover changes. Habitat loss and poaching are responsible for historical population losses of mammals in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, especially for medium to large-sized species.

Closed-loop recyclability of a biomass-derived epoxy-amine thermoset by methanolysis.

Epoxy resin thermosets (ERTs) are an important class of polymeric materials. However, owing to their highly cross-linked nature, they suffer from poor recyclability, which contributes to an unacceptable level of environmental pollution. There is a clear need for the design of inherently recyclable ERTs that are based on renewable resources.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with impaired quality of life on biologic therapy benefit from the support of an IBD nurse specialist: Results of a randomised controlled trial in Germany (IBD study).

Background: IBD was a randomised controlled trial assessing the efficacy of care provided by IBD nurse specialists in Germany in improving health-related quality of life (QoL) in IBD patients on biologic therapy.

Aim: To evaluate patient-related outcomes and economic consequences associated with integrating IBD nurses into usual care.

Methods: We randomly assigned 1086 patients with IBD on biologic therapy to a control group (CG) receiving usual care or an intervention group (IG) receiving additional care from an IBD nurse specialist.

Serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity is associated with survival in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Background And Aims: Patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) have an altered fecal metabolome, including reduced microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites, which function as ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The aim of this study was to assess serum AhR ligand activity in patients with AH.

Approach And Results: The study included 74 controls without AUD, 97 patients with AUD, and 330 patients with AH from 2 different multicenter cohorts (InTeam: 134, AlcHepNet: 196).

How do different concentrations of aluminum and zinc affect the survival, body size, morphology and immune system of (Fitzinger, 1826) tadpole?

The assessment of amphibian responses as bioindicators of exposure to chemical pollutants is an important tool for conservation of native species. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic aluminum (Al) and zinc (Zn) exposure on survival, body size, morphology (malformations), and immune system (leukocyte profile) in tadpoles. Ecotoxicological analyses were performed utilizing chronic toxicity tests in which 210 tadpoles at the 25 Gosner developmental stage were exposed to Al and Zn.

Fungal signature differentiates alcohol-associated liver disease from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The fungal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we aimed to compare changes of the fecal fungal microbiota between patients with ALD and NAFLD and to elucidate patterns in different disease stages between the two conditions. We analyzed fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequencing using fecal samples from a cohort of 48 patients with ALD, 78 patients with NAFLD, and 34 controls.

2,4-D-based herbicide underdoses cause mortality, malformations, and nuclear abnormalities in Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles.

Amphibians are considered bioindicators of the environment due to their high sensitivity and involvement in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the last two decades, 2,4-D has been one of the most widely used herbicides in Brazil and around the world, as its use has been authorized for genetically modified crops and therefore has been detected in surface and groundwater. Against this background, the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,4-D-based herbicides on survival, malformations, swimming activity, presence of micronuclei and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles.