Quantitative characterization of the x-ray imaging capability of rotating modulation collimators with laser light.

We developed a method for making quantitative characterizations of bi-grid rotating modulation collimators (RMC's) that are used in a Fourier transform x-ray imager. With appropriate choices of the collimator spacings, this technique can be implemented with a beam-expanded He-Ne laser to simulate the plane wave produced by a point source at infinity even though the RMC's are diffraction limited at the He-Ne wavelength of 632.8 nm.

Mortality update of butadiene production workers.

This is a further update of a cohort mortality study of 2795 male workers employed at least 6 months between 1942 and 1994 at a 1,3-butadiene facility. Earlier reports on this cohort found a statistically significant deficit for all causes of death and lower than expected mortality for most leading causes of death. Prior reports noted an excess of deaths from lymphosarcoma primarily in those employed less than 10 years, first employed before 1946, and employed in jobs with the potential for daily exposure to butadiene (BD).

Validation of a Depression Screening Measure for Stroke Inpatients.

The Stroke Inpatient Depression Inventory (SIDI) was developed and tested on 50 stroke inpatients on a rehabilitation unit. The format and content of the SIDI questions were intended to improve on the limited validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and other measures of depression with stroke inpatients. The validity of the SIDI was supported by higher correlations with a psychiatrist's rating of depression level (r = 0.

Robustness of the Photo Anxiety Questionnaire: changing the sequence of stimuli and photographs.

In a split-ballot experiment (N=458) we tested, first, to what extent the logical presentation of the Photo Anxiety Questionnaire forces respondents into the usual response pattern, that is, a higher reported anxiety on items mentioning a time closer to dental treatment. Secondly, we tested whether subjects use the nonverbal response scale or merely use the position of the photographs on the scale when answering the questions. The original questionnaire had the highest reliability and was least influenced by response bias.

Parents' perceptions of their children's recovery 5 to 10 years following day-care abuse.

A follow-up study of 19 parents whose children had been physically, sexually and psychologically abused in day care 5 to 10 years previously, suggests that as perceived by the parent, over one third of the children remain clinically symptomatic, one third are in the normal symptomatic range, and one third are asymptomatic. Also, parents themselves were still distressed by the event and expressed concern as to their child's future interpersonal relationships. It is recommended that nurses provide brief counseling sessions to parents for management of their children's posttrauma symptoms.

Memory presentations of childhood sexual abuse.

Questions are continually raised about the accuracy and validity of very young children's memories of traumatic events. Out of 19 children, where the median age was 2 1/2 at time of disclosure, 11 had full verbal memory, five had fragmented verbal memory traces, and three had no memory 5 to 10 years following day care sexual abuse. Data from this clinical study suggest the nature of children's memory is four-dimensional: somatic, behavioral, verbal, and visual.

Infant abductors.

1. Admitted kidnappers identified four phases involved in stealing an infant as: setting the stage for a baby, planning the abduction, the act of abduction, and post-abduction discovery. 2.

Delayed reporting of the rape victim.

1. Delayed reporting of rape may be due to impaired cognitive processing, altered states of consciousness, or cognitive dissonance. 2.

Biology of memory and childhood trauma.

Examples have been presented of children's behaviors that demonstrate the trauma-learning pattern of re-enactment, repetition, and displacement. They become persistent parts of the symptom complex of PTSD. The encapsulation phase occurs when the trauma event occurs and symptoms present themselves, but the events as yet are undisclosed.

The nurse-patient relationship and victims of violence.

Vicarious traumatization is a phenomenon that recognizes that the exposure of persons, other than the victim, to the specifics of trauma material or the reenactment of traumatic experiences transmits the emotionally laden aspects of the original violence and thus is a source of emotional arousal and distress for the nurse working with victims of violence. This source of emotional arousal shapes the underlying approach--avoidance dynamic of countertransference responses that strain the empathic connection necessary for a safe and constructive nurse-patient relationship. Case consultation and supervision are necessary to protect the integrity of the nurse-patient relationship.

Strength training effects on rearfoot motion in running.

The investigation examined isokinetic (IK) and nonisokinetic (NIK) strength training programs for the inversion (INV) and eversion (EV) muscles on pronation during running. Seventy-seven volunteers were videotaped running on a treadmill at 3.8 m.

A randomized trial of intravenous heparin in conjunction with anistreplase (anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex) in acute myocardial infarction: the Duke University Clinical Cardiology Study (DUCCS) 1.

Objectives: We designed a randomized trial to evaluate the effects of heparin administration in conjunction with anistreplase (anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex [APSAC]) on arterial patency and clinical end points.

Background: The role of conjunctive intravenous heparin therapy with APSAC has not been tested despite the recommendations that intravenous heparin should be used.

Methods: Four hours after APSAC administration, 250 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive 325 mg of either aspirin alone or aspirin and a continuous infusion of heparin (15 IU/kg body weight per h).

Transient mitral regurgitation in acute glomerulonephritis.

During an epidemic of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) 15 patients were studied by M-mode, cross-sectional, and Doppler echocardiography. All 15 patients had the classical signs of the disease including hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and consistent laboratory findings. There were 10 boys and five girls with a mean age of 8 years.

Lipid management program: results of applying national guidelines in a private practice.

In our large single-specialty cardiology practice, we implemented a lipid management program based on the recommendations of the Expert Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program and the Helsinki Heart Study. This program used allied health professionals and customized computer software to deliver efficient, comprehensive care to the 1214 patients enrolled in the program after 33 months. Data are reported for the 543 patients enrolled for more than 1 year.

Information processing of trauma.

This article presents a neuropsychosocial model to explain a victimization experience. It surveys the relation of sensation, perception, and cognition as a systematic way to provide a framework for studying human behavior and to describe human response to traumatic events. This framework is an information processing approach.

Children's drawings.

Children's drawings have been used in clinical interviews to provide direction for recollection and memory of events. Drawings encourage the retrieval of experience in the motoric, visual, and auditory recall. The drawing itself gives an expression of motor sensory discharge; the objects in the drawing help with the perceptual cues that are remembered; the cognitive dimensions are represented in the organization, interpersonal patterns, and verbal discussion of the picture.

Cancer mortality among workers at a butadiene production facility.

A cohort study was carried out of mortality among 2749 male workers who had been employed for at least six months between 1943 and 1990 at a 1,3-butadiene production facility. Most of the members of the cohort were covered in two earlier studies, both of which found a statistically significant deficit for all causes of death and lower than expected mortality from most of the main causes of death. Both also found a statistically significant excess risk for lymphosarcoma, which was concentrated in workers who had been employed for fewer than 10 years, had first been employed before 1946 and had been employed in jobs with routine potential exposure.

Efficacy and side effects of methylphenidate for poststroke depression.

Background: Depression after stroke impedes the rehabilitation process and causes additional suffering to patient and family. Few studies have systematically examined pharmacologic treatments of poststroke depression. In the present paper, the use of the stimulant methylphenidate is studied in a depressed, elderly stroke population.

Development of a Dutch version of the Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale.

A Dutch version of the Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale has been developed. The DVSS consists of 10 items, measuring three aspects of patient satisfaction with the dentist. Item and scale characteristics of the Dutch version and the English version compared rather well.

Psychotherapy with elderly depressed patients.

Although psychotherapy outcome research is not without controversy, available evidence suggests that elderly patients benefit from an active, structured relationship with a therapist who provides a helpful therapeutic setting for comprehending and mastering problems that contribute to depression. Until research can evaluate better the various types of therapies, it is reasonable to integrate aspects of different therapies in the clinician's approach to depressed elderly patients, depending on the clinician's understanding of the patient's diagnosis, ego strengths and weaknesses, and capacity to cope and change. The therapist can use psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, and supportive techniques in a flexible manner, individualizing therapy to meet the patient's specific needs.

A test for increased lethality in land snails exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields.

A recent report suggested that exposures of land snails to 0.1 mT, 60 Hz magnetic fields for periods of 48-120 h increase mortality levels by 2-10 times. In direct experimental tests, we were unable to confirm this effect.

Ultrasonic heating of lung tissue.

Tests with mice show that lung tissue is not selectively heated in comparison with other soft tissues and that lung has an efficient mechanism for dissipating that heat which is produced. Temperatures measured with a fine thermocouple placed at the outer surface of the mouse lung show approximately 1 degree C total rise in temperature in the living animal for an incident intensity of 1 W/cm2 (4 MHz, unfocused sound field).

Drawing a connection from victim to victimizer.

1. The biological basis of the altered alarm/dissociative process during and after sexual trauma impedes the development of information processing essential for discerning intention, personal responsibility, sense of control over events, and trust in others. 2.