Control of herpes simplex virus infections of the genital tract by vaccination.

The apparent increasing incidence of herpes simplex virus infections of the genital tract has focused attention on the efficacy of vaccination in preventing infection or modifying established disease. Results of an 'open trial' using a DNA-free inactivated virus subunit vaccine have shown that vaccination of subjects at risk of contracting infection from their sexual partner reduced the transmission rate from 34% in unvaccinated controls to 0.5%.

Hemodynamic effects of the intraventricular administration of angiotensin II and renin in awake dogs.

This study was undertaken to investigate the hemodynamic changes induced by intraventricular injections of angiotensin II (A-II), 1 to 100 ng/kg/min, and renin in doses of 0.025 to 0.3 units (u) in conscious instrumented dogs.

Effects of portal and peripheral venous insulin infusion on glucose production and utilization in depancreatized, conscious dogs.

The relation between portal vein insulin concentrations and suppression of hepatic glucose production, as well as peripheral venous insulin level and increase of peripheral glucose utilization, was compared in conscious, depancreatized, diabetic dogs after infusion of insulin at 0.25 and 0.5 mU/kg/min into either the portal system or the peripheral circulation.

Diastolic coronary artery pressure-flow velocity relationships in conscious man.

We characterised the diastolic pressure-flow velocity relationship in the normal left coronary artery of conscious man before and after vasodilatation with angiographic contrast medium. Phasic coronary artery pressure and flow velocity were measured in ten patients during individual diastoles (0.5 to 1.

Adaptation of canine saphenous veins to grafting. Correlation of contractility and contractile protein content.

Saphenous veins are used extensively to replace stenotic coronary arteries. However, the contractile and biochemical adaptations of grafted veins are unknown. The three purposes of this work were to characterize the contractile properties of grafted veins, to determine whether altered contractile characteristics were associated with quantitative changes in actin, myosin and collagen, and to determine which changes were associated with the surgical procedure and which with placement in the arterial circulation.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria are identified in almost half of the cultures reported positive for mycobacteria in clinical laboratories in the United States. While many represent saprophytic colonization or laboratory contamination, a significant number of these organisms are the agents of disease. Such organisms can be the cause of pulmonary, soft tissue, cutaneous and lymphatic infections, keratitis, osteomyelitis, postsurgical infection, endocarditis and disseminated disease.

Hepatic extraction of exogenous insulin in depancreatized conscious dogs.

Hepatic and mesenteric extraction of exogenous insulin and glucose appearance and clearance were compared in conscious depancreatized and normal dogs after intraportal or peripheral intravenous insulin infusion. Portal vein insulin levels were higher, whereas arterial insulin levels were lower after intraportal compared with intravenous peripheral infusion of insulin. During the intraportal infusion of 1 and 2 mU X kg-1 X min-1 insulin, 40 +/- 3% of the insulin presented to the liver was extracted by that organ in the diabetic dogs, similar to the value obtained in normal dogs (39 +/- 5%).

Doppler measurement of myocardial thickening with a single epicardial transducer.

To eliminate the need for intramyocardial transducers in measuring regional left ventricular (LV) function we have developed a pulsed Doppler technique utilizing a single epicardial transducer. Wall thickening is evaluated by digitally integrating the velocity of myocardial layers passing through the sample volume located at a selected depth. Thickening fraction (TF) can then be estimated by dividing the systolic excursion by the sample volume depth.

Prevention of type 2 herpes simplex virus induced cervical carcinoma in mice by prior immunization with a vaccine prepared from type 1 herpes simplex virus.

Repeated intra-vaginal inoculation of mice with inactivated type 2 herpes simplex virus induced cervical carcinoma in approximately 50% of mice. Prior immunization with subunit vaccine Ac NFU1(S-) BHK reduced the frequency of cervical carcinoma to 19%. Inoculation of mice with a control preparation of uninfected cell extract never induced preinvasive or invasive cervical cancer.

Absence of hepatic extraction of pancreatic polypeptide in conscious dogs.

In 15 conscious dogs basal portal vein pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (306 +/- 8 pg/ml) exceeded both hepatic vein PP (255 +/- 8 pg/ml) and arterial PP (244 +/- 9 pg/ml) and increased rapidly 10 min after oral glucose administration. In contrast to oral glucose, intraportal glucose infusion decreased PP levels from 45 min until the end of the infusion. Meat ingestion rapidly and promptly increased PP.

Efficacy of vaccine Ac NFU1 (S-) MRC 5 given after an initial clinical episode in the prevention of herpes genitalis.

A subunit antigenoid vaccine, Ac NFU1 (S-) MRC 5, was used in patients who had had a clinical episode of herpes genitalis. The rate of recurrence was compared with that in unvaccinated patients to determine the efficacy of vaccination in preventing recurrence and spread of the virus in the community. Seven of 22 (31%) vaccinated patients had eight recurrences after the initial clinical episode; in contrast there were 51 recurrences in 17 of 20 (85%) unvaccinated patients.

Differential effects of oral, peripheral intravenous, and intraportal glucose on hepatic glucose uptake and insulin and glucagon extraction in conscious dogs.

The effect of equal (1.1 +/- 0.1 g/kg body wt) amounts of glucose administered orally, or by peripheral intravenous or intraportal infusion on hepatic glucose uptake and fractional hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon was studied in conscious dogs with chronically implanted Doppler flow probes on the portal vein and hepatic artery and catheters in the portal vein, hepatic vein, carotid artery, and superior mesenteric vein.

The effect of ingestion of meat on hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon and hepatic glucose output in conscious dogs.

The effect of ingestion of protein on hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon and hepatic glucose output were investigated in conscious dogs. The ingestion of meat stimulated both insulin and glucagon secretion but the glucagon response was much more rapid and greater than that of insulin. Secretion of glucagon demonstrated a biphasic pattern while insulin release was monophasic.

Comparison of hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon in conscious and anesthetized dogs.

Previous studies in anesthetized dogs demonstrated that basal hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon are approximately 50 and 10-20%, respectively. Because of the stress of anesthesia and surgery, these values may not be relevant to normal physiology. In this study, hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon were compared in conscious and anesthetized dogs.

The relative infrequency and low levels of neutralising and immunoprecipitating antibody to herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 in patients with a history of recurrent herpes genitalis.

Twenty-seven per cent of 70 patients with a history of recurrent herpes genitalis but no concomitant history of recurrent oral or peri-genital disease, had no detectable neutralising antibody against type 1 or type 2 herpes simplex virus; the prevalence and levels of neutralising antibody were similar to 53 patients with no history of herpetic disease and significantly lower than 67 patients with a history of recurrent herpes genitalis in association with oral or peri-genital disease all of whom had neutralising antibody against both virus types. There were similar differences between groups for immunoprecipitating antibody where 80% of patients were herpes genitalis alone had no detectable immunoprecipitating antibody. The results indicate that the failure to detect immunising and immunoprecipitating antibody in an individual's serum is compatible with a long and even severe history of recurrent herpes genitalis and consequently that the development of neutralising antibody does not necessarily indicate an episode of primary herpetic disease.

Preparation and immunogenicity of vaccine Ac NFU1 (S-) MRC towards the prevention of herpes genitalis.

A subunit antigenoid vaccine, Ac NFU1 (S-) MRC, was used to prevent primary herpes genitalis in 60 subjects considered to be at risk of this infection. There was no evidence of serious local or general side effects. Neutralising antibody responses were detected in 59% and 90% of subjects receiving the low and high doses of vaccine respectively; immunoprecipitating antibody was detected at a lower frequency, namely in 23% and 43% of subjects receiving the low and high doses respectively.

Studies on the mechanism of an antibiotic ionophore, R02-2985 (X537A) in the conscious chronically instrumented dog: involvement of the prostaglandin synthetic pathway.

Conscious dogs were pretreated with a large dose of indomethacin in order to test the hypothesis that prostaglandin synthesis may be involved in the mechanism of action of the inophore R02-2985. The increase in renal blood flow and decrease in renal vascular resistance usually produced by R02-2985 were inhibited by indomethacin. In fact, the calculated renal resistance doubled.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a rhesus monkey model of vaccine Ac NFUi(S-) MRC against primary type 2 herpes simplex virus infection.

Adult and juvenile Rhesus monkeys were vaccinated with sub-unit formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine Ac NFU(S-) MRC; no local or systemic side-effects followed vaccination. Vaccinated monkeys developed neutralizing and immunoprecipitating antibody to both type 1 and 2 herpes simplex virus. Antibody levels declined with time but were re-stimulated after virus challenge and to a lesser extent after attempted virus reactivation.