Incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism in patients with vulvar carcinoma undergoing vulvectomy with or without lymphadenectomy.

Objectives: The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following radical surgery for vulvar carcinoma remains poorly characterized, and recommendations for postoperative chemoprophylaxis are varied. Our objective was to assess the incidence of postoperative VTE in patients undergoing surgery for vulvar carcinoma and to determine if VTE incidence differs by radical vulvectomy with or without lymph node assessment.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients with a diagnosis of vulvar cancer undergoing radical vulvectomy with or without lymph node assessment from 2012 to 2020.

TP53 mutations and the association with platinum resistance in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

Objectives: Alterations in the tumor suppressor TP53 gene are the most common mutations in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma. The impact of TP53 mutations on clinical outcomes and platinum resistance is controversial. We sought to evaluate the genomic profile of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma and explore the association of TP53 mutations with platinum resistance.

Phase III Trial of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Compared With Cisplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Optimally Resected Stage III Ovarian Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

In randomized trials the combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel was superior to cisplatin and cyclophosphamide in advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Although in nonrandomized trials, carboplatin and paclitaxel was a less toxic and highly active combination regimen, there remained concern regarding its efficacy in patients with small-volume, resected, stage III disease. Thus, we conducted a noninferiority trial of cisplatin and paclitaxel versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in this population.

Beyond post-operative readmissions: analysis of the impact of unplanned readmissions during primary treatment of advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer on long-term oncology outcome.

Background: Multiple studies have assessed post-operative readmissions in advanced ovarian cancer.

Objective: To evaluate all unplanned readmissions during the primary treatment period of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, and the impact of readmission on progression-free survival.

Methods: This was a single institution retrospective study from January 2008 to October 2018.

Opportunistic osteoporosis screening using routine computed tomography images to identify bone loss in gynecologic cancer survivors.

Objective: Cancer treatment-induced bone loss is a known side effect of cancer therapy. Computed tomography (CT) bone mineral density screening is a novel tool for identifying bone loss. This study aims to use routine CT images to determine long-term bone mineral density changes and osteoporosis risk among women with gynecologic cancers.

Postoperative venous thromboembolism in gynecologic oncology patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery: Does modality matter?

Objectives: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is increasingly utilized for gynecologic cancers. While incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after MIS is low, some guidelines recommend extended chemoprophylaxis for these patients undergoing MIS. Our objectives were to determine incidence of postoperative VTE in patients undergoing MIS, evaluate differences in the incidence by MIS modality and assess the need for extended chemoprophylaxis.

Bone health and osteoporosis screening in gynecologic cancer survivors.

Cancer treatment-induced bone loss is a known side effect of cancer therapy that increases the risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture. Women with gynecologic cancer are at increased risk of bone loss secondary to the combined effect of oophorectomy and adjuvant therapies. Data regarding bone loss in women with gynecologic cancers are overall lacking compared to other cancer populations.

Peripartum Blood Transfusion Among Rural Women in the United States.

Objective: To evaluate the peripartum transfusion rates for rural women compared with urban women in the United States.

Methods: In this population-based retrospective cohort study, geocoded birth records from 2014 to 2016 from the National Center for Health Statistics were used to examine the rural-urban differences in blood transfusion among nulliparous women delivering singleton, vertex pregnancies at term. We compared transfusion rates across the counties on a continuum from urban to rural.

Preoperative obstructive sleep apnea screening in gynecologic oncology patients.

Background: Women with a gynecologic cancer tend to be older, obese, and postmenopausal, characteristics that are associated with an increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea. However, there is limited investigation regarding the condition's prevalence in this population or its impact on postoperative outcomes. In other surgical populations, patients with obstructive sleep apnea have been observed to be at increased risk for adverse postoperative events.

Impact of histology and surgical approach on survival among women with early-stage, high-grade uterine cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group ancillary analysis.

Objectives: We sought to analyze the clinicopathologic features, recurrence patterns and survival outcomes of women with high-grade uterine cancer (UC) enrolled on The Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) LAP2 trial.

Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of LAP-2 patients with grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma (ENDO), uterine serous (USC), clear cell (CC) and carcinosarcoma (CS). Demographics, clinicopathologic features, and recurrence patterns, were compared by histology and surgical approach.

Dynamic and quasi-static mechanical testing for characterization of the viscoelastic properties of human uterine tissue.

Ultrasound elastography is envisioned as an optional modality to augment standard ultrasound B-mode imaging and is a promising technique to aid in detecting uterine masses which cause abnormal uterine bleeding in both pre- and post-menopausal women. In order to determine the effectiveness of strain imaging, mechanical testing to establish the elastic contrast between normal uterine tissue and stiffer masses such as leiomyomas (fibroids) and between softer pathologies such as uterine cancer and adenomyosis has to be performed. In this paper, we evaluate the stiffness of normal uterine tissue, leiomyomas, and endometrial cancers using a EnduraTEC ElectroForce (ELF) system.

Intensive postoperative glucose control reduces the surgical site infection rates in gynecologic oncology patients.

Objective: SSI rates after gynecologic oncology surgery vary from 5% to 35%, but are up to 45% in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Strict postoperative glucose control by insulin infusion has been shown to lower morbidity, but not specifically SSI rates. Our project studied continuous postoperative insulin infusion for 24h for gynecologic oncology patients with DM and hyperglycemia with a target blood glucose of <139 mL/dL and a primary outcome of the protocol's impact on SSI rates.

Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent predictor of poor perioperative outcomes in women undergoing open surgery for gynecologic malignancies.

Objective: To quantify the impact of preoperative hypoalbuminemia on 30-day mortality and morbidity after gynecologic cancer surgery.

Methods: Patients included in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) dataset who underwent any non-emergent surgery for gynecologic malignancy between 1/1/2008 and 12/31/2010 were identified. Analysis was conducted with albumin both as a dichotomous variable (<3.

A new diagnostic test for endometrial cancer?: Cytology analysis of sonohysterography distention media.

Objective: During saline-infused sonohysterography (SIS), the distension fluid is typically discarded. If cytology analysis could identify those patients with endometrial cancer, many women would be spared from further procedures.

Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with clinical stage I or II endometrial adenocarcinoma were prospectively recruited preoperatively.

Prolonged postoperative venous thrombo-embolism prophylaxis is cost-effective in advanced ovarian cancer patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of prolonged prophylaxis with enoxaparin in high-risk surgical patients with ovarian cancer. In addition, we sought to quantify the impact of prolonged prophylaxis (PP) on the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), its related complications, and overall patient survival.

Methods: A Markov decision analytic model was used to estimate the costs, resource allocation and outcomes associated with the prolonged use of enoxaparin, for a total of four weeks after surgery, in patients undergoing primary debulking surgery for stage IIIC ovarian cancer.

Compression-dependent viscoelastic behavior of human cervix tissue.

We have characterized the viscoelastic properties of human cervical tissue through a range of precompressional loads and testing frequencies. Mechanical testing is necessary to develop robust elasticity-based techniques for the diagnosis of cervical abnormalities. The storage modulus (E') and material damping (tan 6) were measured in 13 patients, 40 to 76 years old.

Uterine artery sparing robotic radical trachelectomy (AS-RRT) for early cancer of the cervix.

Objective: To describe the surgical technique of uterine artery sparing robotic assisted radical trachelectomy (AS-RRT) for early stage cervical cancer.

Methods: We used our experience with AS-RRT performed at the University of Wisconsin-Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA, to present a detailed description of the surgical technique.

Results: The report details, step-by-step, our innovative surgical technique, supported by photos and illustrations.

Brief report: Measuring the attitudes of health care professionals in Dane County toward adolescent immunization with HPV vaccine.

Objective: Evaluate regional health care professionals' views of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination recommendations for adolescent patients through a mailed survey.

Methods: A 16-question self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 518 physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners in Dane County, Wis, working in family medicine, pediatrics, or gynecology in September 2006. The survey addressed health care professionals' willingness to recommend the HPV vaccine, populations they would target for a recommendation, and justifications provided to patients regarding the benefits of HPV vaccination.