Perinatal (fetal and neonatal) choroid plexus tumors: a review.

Introduction: The object of this review is to describe the choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) occurring in the fetus and neonate with regard to clinical presentation, location, pathology, treatment, and outcome.

Materials And Methods: Case histories and clinical outcomes were reviewed from 93 cases of fetal and neonatal tumors obtained from the literature and our own institutional experience from 1980 to 2016.

Results: Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is the most common tumor followed by choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) and atypical choroid plexus papilloma (ACPP).

Perinatal (fetal and neonatal) astrocytoma: a review.

Introduction: The purpose of this review is to document the various types of astrocytoma that occur in the fetus and neonate, their locations, initial findings, pathology, and outcome. Data are presented that show which patients are likely to survive or benefit from treatment compared with those who are unlikely to respond.

Materials And Methods: One hundred one fetal and neonatal tumors were collected from the literature for study.

Fetal intracranial teratoma. A review.

A literature and institutional review of fetal intracranial teratomas yielded 90 tumors. The mean age at ultrasound diagnosis was 32 weeks, ranging from 21 to 41 weeks. Males and females were equally affected.

Role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 in keratinocyte inflammatory response and neutrophil recruitment.

Background: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a major regulator of the cellular adaption to low oxygen stress and the innate immune function of myeloid cells. Treatment with the novel HIF-1 stabilizing drug AKB-4924 has been shown to enhance the bactericidal activity of keratinocytes as well as phagocytic cells. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of pharmacological boosting of HIF-1 with AKB-4924 in keratinocytes and their contribution to the innate immune response.

Myeloid cell HIF-1α regulates asthma airway resistance and eosinophil function.

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a master regulator of inflammatory activities of myeloid cells, including neutrophils and macrophages. These studies examine the role of myeloid cell HIF-1α in regulating asthma induction and pathogenesis, and for the first time, evaluate the roles of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in the chemotactic properties of eosinophils, the myeloid cells most associated with asthma. Wild-type (WT) and myeloid cell-specific HIF-1α knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice were studied in an ovalbumin (OVA) model of asthma.

Cutaneous metastases in neonates: a review.

Two hundred eight neonates with malignant tumors and cutaneous metastases were reviewed. Malignancies most often associated with cutaneous metastases, in order of rank, were leukemia, multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis, neuroblastoma, rhabdoid tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, choriocarcinoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma. Bluish skin nodules producing the "blueberry muffin baby"-like appearance were the most common dermatologic finding in 171, or 82% of 208 neonates.

Fetal and newborn adrenocortical tumors.

Adrenocortical tumors occur less often in the fetus and newborn than later in life. The purpose of this study was to focus on the fetus and newborn in an attempt to determine the various ways these tumors differ in their biologic behavior, pathology, clinical presentation and response to therapy from those occurring in the older child and adolescent. Twenty-five fetuses and newborns were diagnosed with ACTs prenatally (n = 3) and in the newborn period (n = 22).

Fetal and neonatal rhabdoid tumor.

Purpose: Few studies have focused on the behavior of rhabdoid tumor (RT) in the fetus and neonate. The purpose of this review is to show that perinatal RTs are associated with unusual findings and a poor prognosis.

Methods: The author conducted a 40-year systematic review of the literature.

Perinatal neurofibromatosis: two case reports and review of the literature.

Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disorder with many different manifestations. Some may have evidence of the disease at birth. A 66-year (1942 to 2008) retrospective review of 36 patients including 7 fetuses and 29 neonates with NF-1 was performed.

Perinatal (fetal and neonatal) tuberous sclerosis: a review.

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant disorder that presents with highly variable clinical manifestations including seizures, mental retardation, skin lesions, and hamartomas affecting multiple organ systems such as the heart, brain, eye, and kidney. A 42-year retrospective review of 70 patients consisting of 43 fetuses and 27 neonates with TSC were analyzed. There was a 16% positive family history for the disease.

Fetal brain tumors: a review of 154 cases.

The purpose of this literature review is to describe the various types of brain tumors that occur in the fetus, their locations, initial findings, pathology, and outcome. Data are presented that show which patients are likely to survive or benefit from treatment compared with those who are unlikely to respond. An analysis is performed on patients with fetal brain tumors that were detected prenatally by imaging studies or discovered directly after birth.

Fetal and neonatal renal tumors.

This is a review of renal tumors diagnosed between 1960 and 2007 in 47 fetuses and 163 infants less than 2 months old. There were 139 congenital mesoblastic nephromas, 41 Wilms' tumors, 23 rhabdoid tumors of the kidney, and 7 clear cell sarcomas of the kidney. The initial clinical manifestations, staging, management, and outcome of these patents are summarized in the tables and text.

Fetal hydrops associated with tumors.

Fetuses with tumors associated with hydrops have a high mortality rate. Relatively few survivors have this potentially fatal combination. This study examined the clinical and pathological findings, pathogenesis, and outcomes of fetuses with tumors and hydrops.

Fetal and neonatal neuroblastoma: retrospective review of 271 cases.

Neuroblastoma is the foremost malignant neoplasm of the fetus and neonate. The tumor is unique because of its distinctive biologic behavior and many different clinical manifestations. The purpose of this review is to focus on the fetus and neonate to determine the various ways perinatal neuroblastomas differ clinically and morphologically and in their treatment from those found in the older child to show that some forms of the tumor have a better outcome than others.

Fetal and neonatal hepatic tumors.

Background/purpose: Although hepatic tumors are uncommon in the perinatal period they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in affected patients. The purpose of this review is to focus on the fetus and neonate in an attempt to determine the various ways liver tumors differ clinically and pathologically from those found in the older child and adult and to show that certain types of tumors have a better prognosis than others.

Methods: The author conducted a retrospective review of perinatal hepatic tumors reported in the literature and of patients treated and followed up at Children's Hospital San Diego and Children's Hospital Los Angeles.

Fetal and neonatal histiocytoses.

Purpose: The histiocytoses are a group of disorders of the monophagocytic system having a variety of clinical and pathological findings. They occur less often during the perinatal period than later in life. Their biologic behavior, response to therapy, and histologic types are not the same.

Tumors associated with sudden infant and childhood death.

Tumors are rare causes of sudden death in infancy and early childhood. The goals of this study were to determine the types and frequency of the tumors associated with sudden death occurring in cases between birth and age 3 years. The San Diego Sudden Infant Death Syndrome/sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) Research Project database and the literature were reviewed retrospectively.

Perinatal (fetal and neonatal) germ cell tumors.

Background/purpose: Germ cell tumors are relatively common in the fetus and neonate and are the leading neoplasms in some perinatal reviews. The purpose of this study is to focus on the fetus and neonate in an attempt to determine the various ways germ cell tumors differ clinically and morphologically from those occurring in the older child and adult and to show that certain types of tumors have a better prognosis than others.

Methods: The author conducted a retrospective review of perinatal teratomas and other germ cell tumors reported in the literature and of patients treated and followed up at Children's Hospital San Diego and Children's Hospital Los Angeles.

Fetal and neonatal leukemia.

The biological and clinical characteristics of perinatal leukemia differ significantly from those of leukemia in older children, and the prognosis is generally bleak. Once complete remission is achieved, neonates with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) fare much better than those with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The results of this study suggest that age, sex, type of leukemia, and cytogenetic findings have a strong influence on outcome.

II. Perinatal brain tumors: a review of 250 cases.

Central nervous system tumors occur considerably less often in the fetus and neonate than in the older child. They are not entirely the same as those present later in life. Their location, biologic behavior, response to therapy, and histologic types are different.

I. Perinatal brain tumors: a review of 250 cases.

Central nervous system tumors occur considerably less often in the fetus and neonate than in the older child. These tumors are not entirely the same as those found later in life. Their location, biologic behavior, response to therapy, and histologic types are different.