Heterodyne analysis of high-order partial waves in attosecond photoionization of helium.

Partial wave analysis is key to interpretation of the photoionization of atoms and molecules on the attosecond timescale. Here we propose a heterodyne analysis approach, based on the delay-resolved anisotropy parameters to reveal the role played by high-order partial waves during photoionization. This extends the Reconstruction of Attosecond Beating By Interference of Two-photon Transitions technique into the few-photon regime.

Walking biomechanics in women with patellofemoral osteoarthritis differ compared to men with and women without patellofemoral osteoarthritis.

Background: Differences in walking biomechanics between women and men with patellofemoral joint (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) may contribute to the development or progression of persistent symptoms in people with PF OA.

Objective: Evaluate how walking biomechanics of women with PF OA differ from: (i) men with PFJ OA; and (ii) women without PF OA. Second, explore the relationship between knee-related symptoms/function and walking biomechanics in individuals with PF OA, and whether these are modified by sex.

Action on elevated natriuretic peptide in primary care: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are released by increased ventricular wall stress, most often caused by heart failure (HF). NP level measurement helps select patients clinically suspected of HF who need echocardiography. Yet, the diagnostic actions following NP testing in daily primary care are poorly studied.

Midwifery experiences in rural Southern Aotearoa New Zealand: insights into pre-eclampsia management.

Aim: This study investigated the experiences of rural midwives in the Southern region of Aotearoa New Zealand, focussing on practices and challenges in caring for pregnant individuals displaying signs of pre-eclampsia (PE).

Method: Conducted as part of the University of Otago's Trainee Intern Healthcare Evaluation Project, investigating the efficacy of the soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1)/placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio test, this exploratory study employed qualitative research methods. Twenty-three midwives from nine locations across the Southern region were interviewed by trainee intern doctors (TIs) using a semi-structured interview protocol.

Longitudinal changes in adiposity following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and associations with knee symptoms and function.

Objective: To evaluate adiposity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR): i) cross-sectionally (1-year post-ACLR) compared to uninjured controls; ii) longitudinally up to 5 years post-ACLR; and iii) associations with patient-reported symptoms and physical performance.

Methods: In 107 individuals post-ACLR and 19 controls, we assessed global (BMI), peripheral (subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness on the posteromedial side of knee MRI), and central (waist circumference in ACLR group) adiposity. Patient-reported symptoms (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) and physical performance (hop for distance) were evaluated at 1 and 5 years post-ACLR.

Adiposity and cartilage lesions following ACL reconstruction.

Objective: To determine if global, central, or peripheral adiposity is associated with prevalent and worsening cartilage lesions following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods: In 107 individuals one-year post-ACLR, adiposity was assessed globally (body mass index), centrally (waist circumference), and peripherally (knee subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral cartilage lesions were assessed from knee MRIs at 1- and 5-years post-ACLR.

Local Food System Approaches to Address Food and Nutrition Security among Low-Income Populations: A Systematic Review.

Food and nutrition insecurity disproportionately impact low-income households in the United States, contributing to higher rates of chronic diseases among this population. Addressing this challenge is complex because of various factors affecting the availability and accessibility of nutritious food. Short value chain (SVC) models, informally known as local food systems, offer a systemic approach that aims to optimize resources and align values throughout and beyond the food supply chain.

Family systems approaches in pediatric obesity management: a scoping review.

Family-based obesity management interventions targeting child, adolescent and parental lifestyle behaviour modifications have shown promising results. Further intervening on the family system may lead to greater improvements in obesity management outcomes due to the broader focus on family patterns and dynamics that shape behaviours and health. This review aimed to summarize the scope of pediatric obesity management interventions informed by family systems theory (FST).

Measurements of Arterial Occlusion Pressure Using Hand-Held Devices.

Vehrs, PR, Reynolds, S, Allen, J, Barrett, R, Blazzard, C, Burbank, T, Hart, H, Kasper, N, Lacey, R, Lopez, D, and Fellingham, GW. Measurements of arterial occlusion pressure using hand-held devices. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 873-880, 2024-Arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) of the brachial artery was measured simultaneously using Doppler ultrasound (US), a hand-held Doppler (HHDOP), and a pulse oximeter (PO) in the dominant (DOM) and nondominant (NDOM) arms of males ( n = 21) and females ( n = 23) using continuous (CONT) and incremental (INCR) cuff inflation protocols.

Resolving Quantum Interference Black Box through Attosecond Photoionization Spectroscopy.

Multiphoton light-matter interactions invoke a so-called "black box" in which the experimental observations contain the quantum interference between multiple pathways. Here, we employ polarization-controlled attosecond photoelectron metrology with a partial wave manipulator to deduce the pathway interference within this quantum 'black box" for the two-photon ionization of neon atoms. The angle-dependent and attosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectra are measured across a broad energy range.

Sex-related differences in gait characteristics and their associations with symptoms in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis.

Background: Patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA) is an important subgroup of knee OA. However, the influence of sex on gait characteristics in patients with patellofemoral OA is unknown.

Research Question: Compare gait characteristics in females and males with patellofemoral OA and investigate their associations with patellofemoral joint-related symptoms and limitations.

Transmembrane protein 184B (TMEM184B) promotes expression of synaptic gene networks in the mouse hippocampus.

In Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other dementias, hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and loss contribute to the progression of memory impairment. Recent analysis of human AD transcriptomes has provided a list of gene candidates that may serve as drivers of disease. One such candidate is the membrane protein TMEM184B.

Use of a handheld Doppler to measure brachial and femoral artery occlusion pressure.

Measurement of arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) is essential to the safe and effective use of blood flow restriction during exercise. Use of a Doppler ultrasound (US) is the "gold standard" method to measure AOP. Validation of a handheld Doppler (HHDOP) device to measure AOP could make the measurement of AOP more accessible to practitioners in the field.

Influence of heterospecifics on mesocarnivore behaviour at shared scavenging opportunities in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.

In seasonal environments, the ability of mustelid species to acquire carrion-a dietary resource heavily depended upon-is driven by a collection local habitat characteristics and competition dynamics. In resource-scarce winter, sympatric mesocarnivores must balance energetic rewards of carrion with avoiding antagonistic interactions with conspecifics. We examined scavenging interactions among three mustelid species in the northern Canadian Rocky Mountains.

Diagnosis Classification in the Emergency Room Using Natural Language Processing.

Diagnosis classification in the emergency room (ER) is a complex task. We developed several natural language processing classification models, looking both at the full classification task of 132 diagnostic categories and at several clinically applicable samples consisting of two diagnoses that are hard to distinguish.

New horizons in human sperm selection for assisted reproduction.

Male infertility is a commonly encountered pathology that is estimated to be a contributory factor in approximately 50% of couples seeking recourse to assisted reproductive technologies. Upon clinical presentation, such males are commonly subjected to conventional diagnostic andrological practices that rely on descriptive criteria to define their fertility based on the number of morphologically normal, motile spermatozoa encountered within their ejaculate. Despite the virtual ubiquitous adoption of such diagnostic practices, they are not without their limitations and accordingly, there is now increasing awareness of the importance of assessing sperm quality in order to more accurately predict a male's fertility status.

Evaluation of SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment in type 2 diabetes patients with very high cardiovascular risk.

Aims: To evaluate whether the prescription of SGLT2-inhibitors in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and a very high risk was according to the newest updated Dutch general practitioners' practice guidelines on T2DM.

Methods: This observational study with routine care data was conducted in a primary care setting in the Netherlands. The very high-risk population size was identified and analyzed via descriptive statistics.

Walk Smarter, Not Harder: Effects of Cadence Manipulation on Gait Biomechanics in Patients with Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of walking cadence on knee flexion angular impulse and peak external flexion moment in patients with patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Forty-eight patients with patellofemoral OA underwent repeated quantitative gait analyses on an instrumented treadmill using a randomized crossover design. Walking trials were conducted at a fixed gait speed, under three cadence conditions: (i) preferred cadence, (ii) +10% increased cadence, and (iii) -10% decreased cadence, completed in random order.

Kinematic and Kinetic Gait Characteristics in People with Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a prevalent knee condition with many proposed biomechanically orientated etiological factors and treatments.

Objective: We aimed to systematically review and synthesize the evidence for biomechanical variables (spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic) during walking and running in people with PFP compared with pain-free controls, and determine if biomechanical variables contribute to the development of PFP.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The cytoprotective role of GM1 ganglioside in Huntington disease cells.

Background: Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease where a genetic mutation leads to excessive polyglutamine (Q) repeats in the huntingtin protein. The polyglutamine repeats create toxic plaques when the protein is cleaved, leading to neuron death. The glycolipid GM1 ganglioside (GM1) has been shown to be neuroprotective in HD models, as it prevents the cleavage of the mutant huntingtin protein by phosphorylation of serine 13 and 16.

Making Sense of Sensitivity: Using Candy and Anthropometric Data to Visually and Manipulatively Illustrate Sensitivity, Positive Predictive Value, and Related Terms.

The classic concepts of sensitivity and specificity are commonly taught by definition only, often with discipline-specific jargon and without any tangible relation to their use in the real world. Yet, the COVID pandemic and the spotlight on diagnostic screening tests have brought a need for science and health care students, health professionals, and the general public to have improved understanding of sensitivity and specificity and how they connect to further interpretive values. These understandings are critical for correct communications and explanations to those outside the sciences.

No Difference in Hip Muscle Volumes and Fatty Infiltration in Those With Hip-Related Pain Compared to Controls.

Background: Little is known about muscle morphology in people with hip-related pain, without signs of femoro-acetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Identifying changes in hip muscle volume, fatty infiltrate and establishing relationships between muscle volume and strength, may provide insight into potential early treatment strategies.

Purposes: To: (i) compare the volumes and fatty infiltrate of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimis, tensor fascia latae and quadratus femoris between symptomatic and less-symptomatic sides of participants with hip-related pain; (ii) compare the volumes and fatty infiltrate of hip muscles between healthy controls and symptomatic participants; and (iii) explore relationships of hip muscle volumes to muscle strength and patient-reported outcome measures in people with hip-related pain.