Foundational artificial intelligence models and modern medical practice.

Our opinion piece pays homage to the evolution of medical practices, tracing back to the era of Hippocrates, through significant historical milestones, and drawing parallels with the principles underpinning foundational artificial intelligence (AI) models. It emphasizes the shared ethos of both domains: a commitment to comprehensive care that values diverse data integration and individualized patient treatment. The excitement surrounding foundation models in medical imaging is understandable.

Mechanical Circulatory Support for Right Ventricular Primary Graft Dysfunction After Heart Transplant: A Review.

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the most common cause of early mortality following heart transplantation. Although PGD can affect both ventricles, isolated right ventricular dysfunction (RV-PGD) is observed in nearly half of PGD patients. RV-PGD requires specific medical management to support the preload, afterload, and function of the failing RV; however, the use of mechanical circulatory support of the RV (RV-MCS) might be required when optimal medical therapy is insufficient in preventing forward failure and retrograde venous congestion.

Catheter-directed therapy with the FlowTriever system for intermediate-high and high-risk pulmonary embolism: a single-centre experience.

Background: Pulmonary embolism is an important cause of preventable mortality. Treatment strategies depend on risk stratification. High-risk patients, and some intermediate-high-risk patients, require urgent reperfusion therapy.

Influence of Positional and Personal Power on Allied Health Change Implementation in Regional Public Healthcare: An Exploratory Study.

Objective: Evidence-based healthcare innovations are changes that improve the ability of a health service to meet healthcare needs, optimise healthcare system performance, and are proven to be effective via formal research findings. Allied health's ability to lead and implement healthcare innovation is frequently overlooked at the organizational level. This study aimed to explore the experiences of regionally based Australian allied health (AH) leaders who pursue evidence-based innovation at the organizational level.

Fadeout and persistence of intervention impacts on social-emotional and cognitive skills in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials.

Researchers and policymakers aspire for educational interventions to change children's long-run developmental trajectories. However, intervention impacts on cognitive and achievement measures commonly fade over time. Less is known, although much is theorized, about social-emotional skill persistence.

One Hundred Years of Seeking Respectful Maternity Care: History and Evolution.

Growing awareness of poor maternal health outcomes and maternal health disparities in the United States has heightened urgency around the need to promote Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) as a fundamental tenet of obstetric/midwifery care and standardize efforts to improve safety, eliminate obstetric violence and racism, and optimize health outcomes for all birthing people. The historical context of prior and contemporary perspectives around childbirth influences our understanding of RMC and are shaped by varying scholarly, clinical, and community standards (e.g.

Cognition in (pre)symptomatic Dutch-type hereditary and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Introduction: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a main cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. We investigated specific cognitive profiles, cognitive function in the stage before intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden in CAA because data on these topics are limited.

Methods: We included Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA) mutation carriers with and without ICH, patients with sporadic CAA (sCAA), and age-matched controls.

The effect of unconditional cash transfers on maternal assessments of children's early language and socioemotional development: Experimental evidence from U.S. families residing in poverty.

Economic disadvantage has often been associated with poorer performance on measures of early childhood development. However, the causal impacts of income on child development remain unclear. The present study uses data from the Baby's First Years randomized control trial to identify the causal impact of unconditional cash transfers on maternal reports of early childhood development.

Mothers with low incomes view both individual and structural interventions as potentially helpful for supporting early child development.

Many developmental psychologists aspire to conduct research that informs interventions and policies to prevent income-related disparities in child development. Among growing researcher discussion about the value of interventions that target "structural" and resource-related correlates of income inequality and child development (e.g.

Global protein turnover quantification in Escherichia coli reveals cytoplasmic recycling under nitrogen limitation.

Protein turnover is critical for proteostasis, but turnover quantification is challenging, and even in well-studied E. coli, proteome-wide measurements remain scarce. Here, we quantify the turnover rates of ~3200 E.

Stability of Nano-Emulsified Cannabidiol in Acidic Foods and Beverages.

Food and beverage products containing cannabidiol (CBD) is a growing industry, but some CBD products contain Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC), despite being labeled as "THC-free". As CBD can convert to Δ-THC under acidic conditions, a potential cause is the formation of Δ-THC during storage of acidic CBD products. In this study, we investigated if acidic products (pH ≤ 4) fortified with CBD would facilitate conversion to THC over a 2-15-month time period.

Synthesising Diverse and Discriminatory Sets of Instances using Novelty Search in Combinatorial Domains.

Gathering sufficient instance data to either train algorithm-selection models or understand algorithm footprints within an instance space can be challenging. We propose an approach to generating synthetic instances that are tailored to perform well with respect to a target algorithm belonging to a predefined portfolio but are also diverse with respect to their features. Our approach uses a novelty search algorithm with a linearly weighted fitness function that balances novelty and performance to generate a large set of diverse and discriminatory instances in a single run of the algorithm.

Unsettled science on longer-run effects of early education.

More rigorous research is needed on how to design programs.

Chemical Proteomics Strategies for Analyzing Protein Lipidation Reveal the Bacterial -Mycoloylome.

Protein lipidation dynamically controls protein localization and function within cellular membranes. A unique form of protein -fatty acylation in , termed protein -mycoloylation, involves the attachment of mycolic acids─unusually large and hydrophobic fatty acids─to serine residues of proteins in these organisms' outer mycomembrane. However, as with other forms of protein lipidation, the scope and functional consequences of protein -mycoloylation are challenging to investigate due to the inherent difficulties of enriching and analyzing lipidated peptides.

Pain perception during baroreceptor unloading by lower body negative pressure.

Background: People with high blood pressure have reduced sensitivity to pain, known as blood pressure hypoalgesia. One proposed mechanism for this is altered baroreceptor sensitivity. In healthy volunteers, stimulating the carotid baroreceptors causes reduced sensitivity to acute pain; however, this effect may be confounded by a rise in blood pressure due to baroreflex stimulation.

Carotid body dysregulation contributes to Long COVID symptoms.

Background: The symptoms of long COVID, which include fatigue, breathlessness, dysregulated breathing, and exercise intolerance, have unknown mechanisms. These symptoms are also observed in heart failure and are partially driven by increased sensitivity of the carotid chemoreflex. As the carotid body has an abundance of ACE2 (the cell entry mechanism for SARS-CoV-2), we investigated whether carotid chemoreflex sensitivity was elevated in participants with long COVID.

Fentanyl as a marker of illicit drug use in morphine-positive urine specimens from workplace drug testing.

Total morphine is an important urinary marker of heroin use but can also be present from prescriptions or poppy seed ingestion. In specimens with morphine concentrations consistent with poppy seed ingestion (<4,000 ng/mL), 6-acetylmorphine has served as an important marker of illicit drug use. However, as illicit fentanyl has become increasingly prevalent as a contaminant in the drug supply, fentanyl might be an alternative marker of illicit opioid use instead of or in combination with 6-acetylmorphine.

In search of a marker of altered cerebrovascular function in hypertension: Analysis of the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in UK Biobank resting state fMRI data.

The selfish brain mechanism proposes that in some patients with impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) or cerebrovascular function, hypertension may develop as a compensatory mechanism that aims to maintain CBF by increasing systemic blood pressure through an increase in cardiovascular sympathetic tone. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the resting state blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI signal has been previously posited as an index of cerebrovascular reactivity. We investigated whether regional fractional ALFF (fALFF) differs between 2054 hypertensives and 1724 normotensives using data from the UK Biobank dataset.

Respectful Maternity Care : A Systematic Review.

Background: Severe maternal morbidity and mortality are worse in the United States than in all similar countries, with the greatest effect on Black women. Emerging research suggests that disrespectful care during childbirth contributes to this problem.

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review on definitions and valid measurements of respectful maternity care (RMC), its effectiveness for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for those who are pregnant and postpartum, and strategies for implementation.