Unraveling the relationship between executive function and mind wandering in childhood ADHD.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children. According to developmental literature findings, there is a link between executive function (EF) and ADHD. Although EF deficits vary across ADHD presentations in children, working memory capacity is commonly associated with attention impairments.

An internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy program for anxious affect, depression, and wellbeing: A randomized, parallel, two-group, waitlist-controlled trial in a Middle Eastern sample of college students.

Background: College students during the young adult years are at elevated risk for the development of anxiety and depressive difficulties. Moreover, a preliminary body of evidence suggests that, for those who reside in Middle Eastern contexts, despite an established need, sociocultural impediments prevent active psychological help-seeking. Internet-delivered, self-directed mental health programs may hold significant promise to alleviate these difficulties in contexts where individuals would otherwise not enlist the support of a mental health practitioner.

Hikikomori in the Middle East: The role of problematic gaming, social media use, and loneliness.

Hikikomori, a form of severe social withdrawal has been found to be associated with behavioral addictions such as gaming addiction and problematic social media use (PSMU). Since literature related to hikikomori is lacking in the Middle East, this study aimed to determine whether there are significant differences in hikikomori-like traits between two different types of social media users and gamers and investigate loneliness as a potential mediator between hikikomori and the two types of problematic behaviors. A cross-sectional, correlational design was employed, collecting a final sample of 220 participants residing in Middle Eastern countries using a mixture of convenience and snowball sampling.

Nitrosamine Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: An Empirical Review of their Detection, Mechanisms, and Regulatory Approaches.

Since their discovery in valsartan-containing drugs, nitrosamine impurities have emerged as a significant safety problem in pharmaceutical products, prompting extensive recalls and suspensions. Valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan, olmesartan, and other sartans have been discovered to have additional nitrosamine impurities, such as N-nitroso-N-methyl-4-aminobutyric acid (NMBA), N-nitroso-Di-isopropyl amine (NDIPA), N-nitroso-Ethyl-Isopropyl amine (NEIPA), and N-nitroso-Diethyl amine (NDEA). Concerns about drug safety have grown in response to reports of nitrosamine contamination in pharmaceuticals, such as pioglitazone, rifampin, rifapentine, and varenicline.

Applications of Bioengineered Polymer in the Field of Nano-Based Drug Delivery.

The most favored route of drug administration is oral administration; however, several factors, including poor solubility, low bioavailability, and degradation, in the severe gastrointestinal environment frequently compromise the effectiveness of drugs taken orally. Bioengineered polymers have been developed to overcome these difficulties and enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents. Polymeric nanoparticles, including carbon dots, fullerenes, and quantum dots, have emerged as crucial components in this context.

GPU-Accelerated Collision Analysis of Vehicles in a Point Cloud Environment.

We present a GPU-accelerated collision detection method for the navigation of vehicles in enclosed spaces represented using large point clouds. Our approach takes a CAD model of a vehicle, converts it to a volumetric representation or voxels, and computes the collision of the voxels with a point cloud representing the environment to identify a suitable path for navigation. We perform adaptive and efficient collision of voxels with the point cloud without the need for mesh generation.

Trends and Factors Associated With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A National Perspective.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital-acquired pneumonia that occurs more than 48 hours after mechanical ventilation. Studies showing temporal trends, predictors, and outcomes of VAP are very limited.

Objective: We used the National database to delineate the trends and predictors of VAP from 2009 to 2017.

Utilization Trends and Predictors of Non-invasive and Invasive Ventilation During Hospitalization Due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are most important interventions for patients with severe CAP associated with respiratory failure. We analysed utilization trends and predictors of non-invasive and invasive ventilation in patients hospitalized with CAP.

30-Day Morbidity and Mortality of Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Multinational Cohort Study of 7704 Patients from 42 Countries.

Background: There are data on the safety of cancer surgery and the efficacy of preventive strategies on the prevention of postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 in these patients. But there is little such data for any elective surgery. The main objectives of this study were to examine the safety of bariatric surgery (BS) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to determine the efficacy of perioperative COVID-19 protective strategies on postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 rates.

Pulmonary embolism in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease hospitalizations: Trends, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in the United States.

Background: It is well-known that patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are at increased risk of pulmonary embolism than patients with normal kidney function. However, the data on trends, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in pulmonary embolism patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States are limited.

Methods: We queried the National Inpatient Sample database from 2010 to 2014.

Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with gallstone disease in the United States hospitalized patient population.

Background: Gallstones and cholecystectomy have been proposed as risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The reason for this may be that both gallstones, as well as NAFLD share several risk factors with regards to their development. Currently, there is a lack of sufficient evidence showing an association between these clinical conditions.

Primary Malignant Mesothelioma of the Liver: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Primary malignant mesothelioma of the liver is an extremely rare cancer, with only 16 cases reported in the literature so far. Diagnosis is challenging due to morphological similarity with common liver cancers and the extreme rarity of the condition.

Case Description: We present the case of a 70-year-old man who was found to have an incidental liver mass which was diagnosed as primary malignant mesothelioma of the liver.

Description of neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with 10 genetic neurodevelopmental disorders: A scoping review.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions including intellectual disability, global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Advances in genetic diagnostic technology have led to the identification of a number of NDD-associated genes, but reports of cognitive and developmental outcomes in affected individuals have been variable. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesize available information pertaining to the developmental outcomes of individuals with pathogenic variants in ten emerging recurrent NDD-associated genes identified from large scale sequencing studies; ADNP, ANKRD11, ARID1B, CHD2, CHD8, CTNNB1, DDX3X, DYRK1A, SCN2A, and SYNGAP1.

Paralytic ileus in the United States: A cross-sectional study from the national inpatient sample.

Introduction: Paralytic ileus is a common clinical condition leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Most studies to date have focused on postoperative ileus, a common but not exclusive cause of the condition. There are limited epidemiological data regarding the incidence and impact of paralytic ileus and its relationship to other clinical conditions.

Dieulafoy's Lesion: Decade-Long Trends in Hospitalizations, Demographic Disparity, and Outcomes.

Background Dieulafoy's lesion is a relatively rare, but potentially life-threatening, condition where a tortuous arteriole, most commonly in the stomach, may bleed and lead to significant gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Limited epidemiological data exist on patient characteristics and the annual number of hospitalizations associated with such lesions. The aim of our study is to determine the inpatient burden of Dieulafoy's lesion.

Clinical characteristics and in hospital outcomes of heart transplant recipients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample.

Objectives: Cardiac transplant patients are at increased risk of Coronary Allograft Vasculopathy which requires percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background: We aim to determine national epidemiology describing trends, mortality, and morbidity risks in patients with heart transplant undergoing PCI.

Methods: We used Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2002 to 2014 to identify adult hospitalizations with PCI using ICD 9 codes.

Rate and Modifiable Predictors of 30-Day Readmission in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the United States.

Background The 30-day readmission rates are being used as a quality measure by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for specific medical and surgical conditions. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States (US). The characteristics and predictors of 30-day readmission in ARDS patients in the US are not widely known, which we have depicted in our study.

Outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with liver transplant.

Objective: Our aim is to describe characteristics of liver transplant patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) as well as in-hospital outcomes including the mortality and peri-procedural complications from the largest publicly available inpatient database in the United States from 2002 to 2014.

Background: Outcomes of PCI are well studied in patients with end-stage liver disease but not well studied in patients who receive liver transplant (LT).

Methods: Data derived from Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) were analyzed for years 2002-2014.

Chylous Ascites and Pleural Effusion Treated With Intravenous Octreotide.

Chylous ascites (CA) is uncommon in cirrhosis. It often presents as diuretic-resistant ascites and is associated with increased mortality. Diagnosis is done by the detection of triglyceride-rich ascitic fluid.

Trends and outcomes of peptic ulcer disease in patients with cirrhosis.

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is more prevalent in cirrhotic patients and it has been associated with poor outcomes. However, there are no population-based studies from the United States (U.S.

Role of Steroids in Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis Without Crescents on Renal Biopsy.

Steroid is usually indicated in patients with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) with more than 30% crescents on renal biopsy. The role of steroids in patients without crescentic glomerulonephritis is not clear. We present a 19-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with PSGN three weeks after a sore throat infection.

Short-term outcomes of pulmonary embolism: A National Perspective.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Real time data on 90-day mortality, bleeding, and readmission is sparse.

Methods: The study cohort was derived from the National Readmission Data (NRD) 2013 to 2014.