A Rare Case of Direct Spontaneous Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in a 6-Month-Old Infant and Review of the Literature.

Direct or type A CCFs are the direct connection between the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. While most direct CCFs are caused by trauma, spontaneous direct CCFs are extremely rare in infants. In this report, we describe a 6-month-old child with bulges in the right eye that had been present since 20 days after birth.

Pain Score Assessment Using Single-Dose IV Ketorolac Only, After External Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Randomized Double/Triple-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To assess efficacy of intravenous (IV) ketorolac for postoperative pain control after external dacryocystorhinostomy.

Method: Fifty-five patients from January to April 2019 were randomized, to a double-blind prospective interventional study. Intervention arm received IV ketorolac (60 mg/2 ml) immediately post-op, control received IV saline bolus.