Laccase-assisted colouration of wool fabric using green tea extract for imparting antioxidant, antibacterial, and UV protection activities.

The demand for natural dyes for imparting sustainable dyeing effects to textiles is increasing. Metal mordants generate an unstainable impact in the natural dyeing of textiles. In order to avoid the toxic effect due to the use of metal mordants, the present work uses enzyme for sustainable natural dyeing of wool.

Sources of genomic diversity in the self-fertile plant pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and consequences for resistance breeding.

The ascomycete, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has a broad host range and causes yield loss in dicotyledonous crops world wide. Genomic diversity was determined in a population of 127 isolates obtained from individual canola (Brassica napus) fields in western Canada. Genotyping with 39 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed each isolate was a unique haplotype.

The Distribution of Phytoplasmas in South and East Asia: An Emerging Threat to Grapevine Cultivation.

Grapevine is largely cultivated in several parts of the world, and a spurt in its cultivation has occurred in the last two decades in grapevine cultivated areas of South and East Asia, mainly in China, India, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia. Grapevine yellows (GY) represent one of the most important diseases in viticultural areas of the world, and they have been assigned to five different groups: aster yellows [AY (16SrI)], peanut witches' broom [PnWB (16SrII)], X-disease (16SrIII), elm yellows [EY (16SrV)], and Stolbur (16SrXII). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the presence of phytoplasma strains and their vectors associated with GY complex, and their potential impact on viticulture of the South and East Asia.

The C2-formyl group in chlorophyll originates from molecular oxygen.

Chlorophylls (Chls) are the most important cofactors for capturing solar energy to drive photosynthetic reactions. Five spectral types of Chls have been identified to date, with Chl having the most red-shifted absorption maximum because of a C2-formyl group substitution of Chl However, the biochemical provenance of this formyl group is unknown. Here, we used a stable isotope labeling technique (O and H) to determine the origin of the C2-formyl group of Chl and to verify whether Chl is synthesized from Chl in the cyanobacterial species In the presence of either HO or O, the origin of oxygen atoms in the newly synthesized chlorophylls was investigated.

Differentially expressed proteins and associated histological and disease progression changes in cotyledon tissue of a resistant and susceptible genotype of brassica napus infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most serious diseases of oilseed rape. To understand the resistance mechanisms in the Brassica napus to S. sclerotiorum, comparative disease progression, histological and proteomic studies were conducted of two B.

Spontaneous cholecysto-antral-cutaneous fistula: a consequence of neglected calculus cholecystitis.

A biliary fistula from the gallbladder can develop as a result of the erosion of stones into the surrounding viscera. An 82-year-old woman with multiple comorbid diseases presented with a persisting discharge from what was thought to be an abscess in the right hypochondrium, which had previously been drained. Sinogram confirmed fistulous communication with the gallbladder and gastric antrum.

The infection processes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in cotyledon tissue of a resistant and a susceptible genotype of Brassica napus.

Background And Aims: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can attack >400 plant species worldwide. Very few studies have investigated host-pathogen interactions at the plant surface and cellular level in resistant genotypes of oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus).

Methods: Infection processes of S.

Scarification and Environmental Factors that Enhance Carpogenic Germination of Sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are the primary source of inoculum for disease epidemics in many economically important crops. Mass production of ascospores under laboratory conditions is required to prepare inoculum for use in selection of genotypes with resistance against Sclerotinia diseases. A study was undertaken, first, to investigate the effect on carpogenic germination of scarifying sclerotia from two S.

Trauma pancreaticoduodenectomy for complex pancreaticoduodenal injury. Delayed reconstruction.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and safety of the delayed reconstruction approach in patients with complex pancreaticoduodenal injuries.

Setting: Tertiary care center in Northern India.

Subjects: Five patients with complex pancreaticoduodenal injuries, three following blunt and two following penetrating injury.