Sentinel lymph node detection differs when comparing lymphoscintigraphy to lymphography using water soluble iodinated contrast medium and digital radiography in dogs.

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping by various means has become standard of care in certain types of human cancers and is receiving more attention in veterinary oncology. Current SLN mapping techniques can be costly and often require advanced imaging equipment. The objective of this prospective, method comparison study was to compare an SLN mapping protocol of lymphoscintigraphy to lymphography using water soluble iodinated contrast medium (WIC) and digital radiography for identification of an SLN.

The effect of surgery on lymphoscintigraphy drainage patterns from the canine brachium in a simulated tumor model.

Objective: To determine the effect of surgery on lymphoscintigraphy drainage patterns from the canine brachium.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Animals: Eight healthy research beagles.

Partial splenectomy for incidentally detected non-ruptured splenic lesions in dogs: 18 cases (2004-2018).

The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the outcome and incidence of splenic malignancy in 18 dogs undergoing partial splenectomy for incidentally detected, non-ruptured splenic lesions. Incidence of splenic malignancy in the present study was 5.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.

Description of a novel technique for surgical placement of gastrostomy tubes in dogs.

Background: Early enteral nutrition in dogs with critical illnesses, including septic peritonitis, has been shown to have a positive influence on patient outcome. Surgical placement of a gastrostomy tube (GT) is one option for providing early enteral nutrition. Complications, including premature tube removal or separation of the stomach from the body wall, can result in leakage of gastric contents into the abdominal cavity and subsequent peritonitis.

Sentinel lymph node mapping of the canine anal sac using lymphoscintigraphy: A pilot study.

Sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy are important parts of oncologic staging in human medicine. Sentinel lymph node mapping enables identification of the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage while avoiding unnecessary lymph node dissection. Anal sac adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the canine perineal area.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral pradofloxacin administration in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether target values for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) indices against selected canine pathogens were achievable for pradofloxacin in various canine fluids and leukocytes. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult hounds (experiments 1 and 2) and 6 healthy adult dogs (experiment 3). PROCEDURES In 3 experiments, pradofloxacin (3, 6, or 12 mg/kg) and enrofloxacin (5 or 10 mg/kg) were orally administered once a day for 5 days, and blood, interstitial fluid (ISF), and other fluid samples were collected at various points.

A comparison of microRNA expression profiles from splenic hemangiosarcoma, splenic nodular hyperplasia, and normal spleens of dogs.

Background: Splenic masses are common in older dogs; yet diagnosis preceding splenectomy and histopathology remains elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that play a role in post-transcriptional regulation, and differential expression of miRNAs between normal and tumor tissue has been used to diagnose neoplastic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine differential expression of miRNAs by use of RNA-sequencing in canine spleens that were histologically confirmed as hemangiosarcoma, nodular hyperplasia, or normal.

Biomechanical comparison of two ostectomy configurations for partial mandibulectomy.

Objective: To determine the stiffness and load to failure of two different ostectomy configurations using canine mandibles.

Study Design: Cadaveric biomechanical assessment.

Animals: Paired mandibles (n = 30).

Antimicrobial considerations in the perioperative patient.

Surgical site infections are among the complications that can be reduced with the timely implementation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. A 3-D approach to judicious antimicrobial use focuses on the de-escalation of systemic antimicrobial therapy, design of dosing regimens, and decontamination of the surgeon, patient, and environment. De-escalation can be accomplished in part through proper antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Current concepts in hepatobiliary surgery.

The most common hepatic procedures performed in companion animals are liver biopsies and partial hepatectomies. Surgery of the biliary tract most often involves the gallbladder, although surgical intervention of the bile duct may also be performed. Hepatobiliary surgery is often challenging, being performed in patients with significant systemic illness and associated with potentially life-threatening complications.

Effect of enteric biopsy closure orientation on enteric circumference and volume of saline needed for leak testing.

This study describes the effect of enteric biopsy closure orientation on circumference and volume of saline needed for leak testing. There were significant differences in circumference measurements at baseline, central circumference of longitudinally closed sites, and volume of saline for leak testing.

Saline volume necessary to achieve predetermined intraluminal pressures during leak testing of small intestinal biopsy sites in the dog.

Objective: To determine the volume of saline needed to achieve targeted intraluminal pressures during leak testing of closed jejunal biopsy sites in the dog.

Study Design: Experimental.

Animals: Dogs (n=38).

In vitro elution of amikacin and vancomycin from impregnated plaster of Paris beads.

Objective: To describe in vitro elution characteristics of amikacin and vancomycin from calcium sulfate hemihydrate 98% (plaster of Paris, POP) beads and characterize eluent inhibition of Staphylococcus spp.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Methods: POP beads were impregnated with amikacin or vancomycin alone or in combination and then incubated alone or in combination for 84 days at 37 degrees C in plastic tubes containing sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).

Evaluation of outcomes in dogs treated for pyothorax: 46 cases (1983-2001).

OBJECTIVE-To determine the effect of treatment approach on outcome and the appropriateness of initial empirical antimicrobial treatment in dogs with pyothorax. DESIGN-Retrospective case series. ANIMALS-46 dogs with pyothorax confirmed by either (n = 15) or both (31) of the following: intracellular bacteria in pleural fluid or tissue (41) and bacteria recovered via culture of pleural fluid (36).

Antimicrobial use in the surgical patient.

Antimicrobials are often used in the surgical patient in an effort to prevent infection (prophylactic) or to treat established infection (therapeutic). To be effective, prophylactic antimicrobials at appropriate concentrations must be present in tissues at the surgical site at the time of contamination to prevent bacterial growth and subsequent infection. Therapeutic antimicrobials are used to treat established localized or systemic infection.

Topical and systemic medications for wounds.

There are a plethora of topical and systemic medications available to the veterinary practitioner today that aid the wound healing process. Some of these help to maintain a moist environment. Others increase growth factors, provide local energy sources, control infection, provide for debridement, increase wound blood flow and temperature, or reduce wound edema.

Evaluation of the concentration of marbofloxacin in alveolar macrophages and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid after administration in dogs.

Objective: To determine concentrations of marbofloxacin in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and compare those concentrations with plasma concentrations in healthy dogs.

Animals: 12 adult mixed-breed and purebred hounds.

Procedure: 10 dogs received orally administered marbofloxacin at a dosage of 2.

Effect of tympanic cavity evacuation and flushing on microbial isolates during total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate differences in bacterial numbers, identity, and susceptibility in samples obtained from the tympanic cavity on entry (preflush) and after evacuation and lavage (postflush) and assess perioperative and empiric antimicrobial selection in dogs that underwent total ear canal ablation (TECA) with lateral bulla osteotomy (LBO) or reoperation LBO.

Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: 34 dogs.

Student assessment of the educational benefits of using a CD-ROM for instruction of basic surgical skills.

Rationale For Study: At Texas A&M University, introductory-level surgical lecture and laboratory notes were converted to a CD-ROM format that included illustrative photographs as well as instructional videos demonstrating the basic surgical skills that all students were required to master. The CD-ROM was distributed to all students in place of traditional paper notes in the second-year surgical class in the professional veterinary curriculum. The study reported here was designed to evaluate the educational benefits of the use of the CD-ROM in place of traditional paper notes by examining the attitudes and practices of students before and after exposure to the CD-ROM format.

Evaluation of transdermal morphine and fentanyl pluronic lecithin organogel administration in dogs.

Transdermal administration of morphine and fentanyl using a pluronic lecithin organogel was evaluated in dogs. IV administration of morphine and fentanyl resulted in therapeutic serum drug concentrations. Following transdermal administration, however, median serum drug concentrations were never above the limit of quantitation for morphine or fentanyl.

Inflammatory polyp in the middle ear with secondary suppurative meningoencephalitis in a cat.

A 15-month-old male Maine Coon Cat presented with persistent auricular discharge and progressive head tilt, ataxia, and loss of blink on the right side. Using computed tomography a hyperattenuating, contrast-enhancing material within a thickened right tympanic bulla and contrast enhancement of the adjacent cerebellum were identified. Marked suppurative inflammation was identified on cerebrospinal fluid analysis with no growth on bacterial culture.

Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in dogs following single oral administration of enrofloxacin at 7.5, 10, or 20 mg/kg.

Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were monitored following oral administration of enrofloxacin at 7.5, 10, and 20 mg/kg to six healthy female bloodhounds using a randomized crossover design. Plasma samples were collected at various times over 24 hours following drug administration.